![KYC Bitcoin: Individuals are on Lists](https://www.discreetlog.com/content/images/2023/02/binancekycleak.webp)

**_What is KYC/AML?_**

*   The acronym stands for Know Your Customer / Anti Money Laundering.
*   In practice it stands for the surveillance measures companies are often compelled to take against their customers by financial regulators.
*   Methods differ but often include: Passport Scans, Driver License Uploads, Social Security Numbers, Home Address, Phone Number, Face Scans.
*   Bitcoin companies will also store all withdrawal and deposit addresses which can then be used to track bitcoin transactions on the bitcoin block chain.
*   This data is then stored and shared. Regulations often require companies to hold this information for a set number of years but in practice users should assume this data will be held indefinitely. Data is often stored insecurely, which results in frequent [hacks and leaks](https://www.newsweek.com/binance-hack-telegram-kyc-data-extortion-changpeng-zhao-cryptocurrency-bitcoin-1452989?ref=discreetlog.com).
*   KYC/AML data collection puts all honest users at risk of theft, extortion, and persecution while being ineffective at stopping crime. Criminals often use [counterfeit, bought, or stolen](https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2021/10/19/for-200-you-can-trade-crypto-with-a-fake-id/?ref=discreetlog.com) credentials to get around the requirements. Criminals can buy "verified" accounts for as [little as $200](https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2021/10/19/for-200-you-can-trade-crypto-with-a-fake-id/?ref=discreetlog.com). Furthermore, billions of people are excluded from financial services as a result of KYC/AML requirements.

During the early days of bitcoin most services did not require this sensitive user data, but as adoption increased so did the surveillance measures. At this point, **most large bitcoin companies are collecting and storing massive lists of bitcoiners, our sensitive personal information, and our transaction history.**

**Lists of Bitcoiners**

KYC/AML policies are a direct attack on bitcoiners. Lists of bitcoiners and our transaction history will inevitably be used against us.

Once you are on a list with your bitcoin transaction history that record will always exist. Generally speaking, tracking bitcoin is based on probability analysis of ownership change. Surveillance firms use various heuristics to determine if you are sending bitcoin to yourself or if ownership is actually changing hands.  You can obtain better privacy going forward by using collaborative transactions such as coinjoin to break this probability analysis.

Fortunately, you can buy bitcoin without providing intimate personal information. Tools such as [peach](https://peachbitcoin.com/?ref=discreetlog.com), [hodlhodl](https://hodlhodl.com/?ref=discreetlog.com), [robosats](https://learn.robosats.com/?ref=discreetlog.com), [azteco](https://azte.co/?ref=discreetlog.com) and [bisq](https://bisq.network/?ref=discreetlog.com) help; mining is also a solid option: anyone can plug a miner into power and internet and earn bitcoin by mining privately.

You can also earn bitcoin by providing goods and/or services that can be purchased with bitcoin. Long term, circular economies will mitigate this threat: most people will not buy bitcoin - they will earn bitcoin - most people will not sell bitcoin - they will spend bitcoin.

**There is no such thing as KYC or No KYC bitcoin, there are bitcoiners on lists and those that are not on lists.**

* * *

_**If you found this post helpful support my work with [bitcoin](https://geyser.fund/project/citadel?ref=discreetlog.com).**_

![KYC Bitcoin: Individuals are on Lists](https://werunbtc.com/donate.png)


One of the paradoxes I noticed about us humans over the last 15 years coaching humans – and being coached myself – is that we live in this information age, yet “lack of information” is clearly not our challenge when it comes to changing the world, or changing our world for the better. Imagine you are offered the option of taking one of a series of pills, all of which have zero side effects. The first pill will boost your IQ by up to 23 points , while also combatting brain degeneration by ensuring that as you enter your 50s and beyond your brain will resemble that of a 20-year old. The second pill will lower your stress hormones by 60% and decrease any insomnia symptoms (if you have any) by 31%. The third pill will measurably increase your amount of gamma waves in the brain by 14% – these are the waves associated with higher cognition, information processing, perception, high alertness and attention. The fourth pill is focused on memory, and it will raise your performance on a memory task 10x. The fifth pill will measurably decrease each of the known psychological factors that weaken and ultimately end romantic relationship, or prevent us from finding one in the first place: including cynicism, criticism, attacking, pessimism, discontent and perfectionism. As a bonus, if you have children, it will also improve both your parenting, and improve your parent-child relationship. Which one would you take? Whatever your answer, now imagine that a smart scientist has devised a way where you can take one pill per day that has all five benefits however it does have one side effect, it will increase the amount of joy that you experience throughout the day, irrespective of outside events. So there is a catch. The pill has an initial consultation charge of $200, where a profession instructs you on when and how to administer this pill. Thereafter, the pill is free. And, it will take 20 minutes each day to administer this pill, during which time you will need to sit down in a comfortable position and relax. Would you still take the pill? Yes, the pill is a combination of meditation and a few simple breathing techniques Let’s break it down a little further: even the breathing techniques by themselves (SKY Breathing, from the Art of Living) has been shown to increase all five types of brain waves (2% higher delta waves, right up to 14%+ increase in gamma waves). Delta waves are associated with the deepest levels of relaxation, and are normally only seen in deep restorative and dreamless sleep. Theta waves are associated with learning and memory. Alpha waves are associated with concentration. There is also evidence that alpha waves have the potential to combat both depression and anxiety Beta waves are associated with a heightened state of alertness, logic and critical reasoning Gamma waves, as mentioned above, are associated with information processing, perception, high alertness and attention. Maybe next time you’re thinking of digesting some information, be it news, a book, or a podcast, you could experiment with swapping that out for some implementation time, by learning breathing and meditation techniques, which allow you to implement so much more of what you know. Disclosure: I am a breathing and meditation teacher, so you could say I’m biased. But then the research is objective, and has been reproduced many times. Also, the reason I started teaching these techniques was not random, it was because I noticed from my own direct experience tremendous benefits. Also, it’s something I do as a volunteer not as my profession, so there’s no financial incentive for me to spent time writing about meditation or teaching it. It does of course give me joy and a sense of higher purpose to see other people reproduce the same benefits I experienced. So it is not without reward. If you are interested in knowing more (ie: you’d like this last 5 minutes of reading time to result in implementation, not information) then flick me a note at @dsbatten on Twitter.

![](https://batcoinz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-19-at-1.54.52-PM-1024x541.png)

One of the paradoxes I noticed about us humans over the last 15 years coaching humans – and being coached myself – is that we live in this information age, yet “lack of information” is clearly not our challenge when it comes to changing the world, or changing our world for the better.

Imagine you are offered the option of taking one of a series of pills, all of which have zero side effects.

The first pill will boost your IQ by up to [23 points](https://www.inc.com/melanie-curtin/want-to-raise-your-iq-by-23-percent-neuroscience-says-to-take-up-this-simple-hab.html) , while also combatting brain degeneration by ensuring that as you enter your 50s and beyond your brain will resemble that of a 20-year old.

The second pill will lower your stress hormones by 60% and decrease any insomnia symptoms (if you have any) by 31%.

The third pill will measurably increase your amount of [gamma waves in the brain](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32669767/#&gid=article-figures&pid=figure-2-uid-1) by 14% – these are the waves associated with higher cognition, information processing, perception, high alertness and attention.

The fourth pill is focused on memory, and it will raise your performance on a [memory task 10x](https://batcoinz.com/?page_id=2856).

The fifth pill will [measurably decrease](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333155515_Mindfulness_Meditation_is_Associated_with_Decreases_in_Partner_Negative_Affect_in_Daily_Life) each of the known psychological factors that weaken and ultimately end romantic relationship, or prevent us from finding one in the first place: including cynicism, criticism, attacking, pessimism, discontent and perfectionism. As a bonus, if you have children, it will also improve both your parenting, and [improve your parent-child relationship](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327796281_Parenting-Focused_Mindfulness_Intervention_Reduces_Stress_and_Improves_Parenting_in_Highly_Stressed_Mothers_of_Adolescents).

Which one would you take?

Whatever your answer, now imagine that a smart scientist has devised a way where you can take one pill per day that has all five benefits however it does have one side effect, it will increase the [amount of joy](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02699930143000392?journalCode=pcem20) that you experience throughout the day, irrespective of outside events.

So there is a catch. The pill has an initial consultation charge of $200, where a profession instructs you on when and how to administer this pill. Thereafter, the pill is free. And, it will take 20 minutes each day to administer this pill, during which time you will need to sit down in a comfortable position and relax.

Would you still take the pill?

![](https://batcoinz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-18-at-11.01.10-AM-1024x574.png)

Yes, the pill is a combination of meditation and a few simple breathing techniques

Let’s break it down a little further: even the breathing techniques by themselves (SKY Breathing, from the Art of Living) has been shown to increase all five types of brain waves (2% higher delta waves, right up to 14%+ increase in gamma waves).

Delta waves are associated with the deepest levels of relaxation, and are normally only seen in [deep restorative and dreamless sleep.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/brain-waves)

Theta waves are associated with [learning and memory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_wave).

Alpha waves are associated with concentration. There is also evidence that alpha waves have the potential to combat both [depression and anxiety](https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-alpha-brain-waves-5113721)

Beta waves are associated with a heightened state of [alertness, logic and critical reasoning](https://m1psychology.com/brain-waves-and-hypnosis/)

Gamma waves, as mentioned above, are associated with information processing, perception, high alertness and attention.

![](https://batcoinz.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-18-at-11.01.49-AM-1.png)

Maybe next time you’re thinking of digesting some information, be it news, a book, or a podcast, you could experiment with swapping that out for some implementation time, by learning breathing and meditation techniques, which allow you to implement so much more of what you know.

**Disclosure:** I am a breathing and meditation teacher, so you could say I’m biased. But then the research is objective, and has been reproduced many times. Also, the reason I started teaching these techniques was not random, it was because I noticed from my own direct experience tremendous benefits. Also, it’s something I do as a volunteer not as my profession, so there’s no financial incentive for me to spent time writing about meditation or teaching it. It does of course give me joy and a sense of higher purpose to see other people reproduce the same benefits I experienced. So it is not without reward. If you are interested in knowing more (ie: you’d like this last 5 minutes of reading time to result in implementation, not information) then flick me a note at @dsbatten on Twitter.


Cake Wallet is an open-source, privacy-oriented multi-currency wallet available on Android, iOS, macOS, Windows (beta) and Linux.

[Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.](https://geyser.fund/project/nobsbitcoin)

*   This release introduces Payjoin v2 functionality to Bitcoin wallets on Cake, along with several UI/UX improvements and bug fixes.
*   The [Payjoin v2 protocol](https://payjoin.org/) enables asynchronous, serverless coordination between sender and receiver, removing the need to be online simultaneously or maintain a server. This simplifies privacy-focused transactions for regular users.

> "I cannot speak highly enough of how amazing it has been to work with [@bitgould](https://x.com/bitgould) and Jaad from the[@payjoindevkit](https://x.com/payjoindevkit) team, they're doing incredible work. None of this would be possible without them and their tireless efforts. PDK made it so much easier to ship Payjoin v2 than it would have been otherwise, and I can't wait to see other wallets jump in and give back to PDK as they implement it like we did," [said](https://xcancel.com/sethforprivacy/status/1924815548543541711) Seth For Privacy, VP at Cake Wallet.

![Cake Wallet v4.28: Payjoin v2 Support](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/cakewalletv4040.jpg)

**How to started with Payjoin in Cake Wallet:**

1.  Open the app menu sidebar and click `Privacy`.
2.  Toggle the `Use Payjoin` option.
3.  Now on your receive screen you'll see an option to copy a Payjoin URL

![Cake Wallet v4.28: Payjoin v2 Support](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/image-9.png)

*   [Bull Bitcoin Wallet v0.4.0](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/bull-bitcoin-wallet-v0-4-0/) introduced Payjoin v2 support in late December 2024. However, the current implementations are not interoperable at the moment, an issue that should be addressed in the next release of the [Bull Bitcoin Wallet](https://github.com/SatoshiPortal/bullbitcoin-mobile).

[![Cake Wallet v4.28: Payjoin v2 Support](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/image-11.png)](https://xcancel.com/francispouliot_/status/1924958880804589739)

*   Cake Wallet was [one of the first wallets](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/cake-wallet-v4-18-0/) to introduce [Silent Payments](https://silentpayments.xyz/) back in May 2024. However, users may encounter sync issues while using this feature at present, which will be resolved in the next release of Cake Wallet.

[![Cake Wallet v4.28: Payjoin v2 Support](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/image-10.png)](https://xcancel.com/sethforprivacy/status/1924770756828831867)

What's new
----------

*   [**Payjoin v2**](https://payjoin.org/docs/how-it-works/payjoin-v2-bip-77/) implementation.
*   **Wallet group improvements**: Enhanced management of multiple wallets.
*   **Various bug fixes**: improving overall stability and user experience.
*   Monero (XMR) enhancements.

Learn more about using, implementing, and understanding [BIP 77: Payjoin Version 2](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/pull/1483) using the `payjoin` crate in Payjoin Dev Kit [here](https://payjoin.org/docs/tutorials/receive-payjoin-v2).

[**Announcement**](https://njump.me/nevent1qqs2k8yn2s8eres7gzcnhkj36easy939jz3nddrm7wv7gkdvg93tjhcpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumt0wd68ytnsw43qyg8uq7ecmfs397lxe48qjwc90jldzzrfyuz3s9nn7vk46s82m6k5my4r5zne)
[**Blog Post**](https://blog.cakewallet.com/bitcoin-privacy-takes-a-leap-forward-cake-wallet-introduces-payjoin-v2/) / [Archive](http://archive.today/RpdxK)
[**GitHub Repo**](https://github.com/cake-tech/cake_wallet/releases/tag/v4.28.0)


Notedeck is a modern, multiplatform Nostr client built with Rust. It provides a feature-rich experience for interacting with the Nostr protocol on both desktop and Android platforms.

[Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.](https://geyser.fund/project/nobsbitcoin)

*   "Today we're launching the beta version of our multiplatform Nostr browser! Think Google Chrome but for Nostr apps. The beta is our big first step toward this vision," [announced](https://njump.me/nevent1qqs2dseuw3d4sqkyt97pzq3vg5ncx6zv2fk6ummejf88ezesa2exkrc8y4zm9) Damus.
*   This version comes with the Dave Nostr AI assistant, support for zaps and the Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) wallet interface, full-text note search, GIFs and fullscreen images, multiple media uploads, user tagging, relay list and mute list support, along with a number of other improvements."

> "Included in the beta is the Dave, the Nostr AI assistant (its Grok for Nostr). Dave is a new Notedeck browser app that can search and summarize notes from the network. For a full breakdown of everything new, check out our beta launch [video](https://njump.me/nevent1qqs2dseuw3d4sqkyt97pzq3vg5ncx6zv2fk6ummejf88ezesa2exkrcpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgq3q8m76awca3y37hkvuneavuw6pjj4525fw90necxmadrvjg0sdy6qsncyhyu)."

[![Damus Notedeck v0.4.0 Beta: Zaps, Dave AI Assistant, Android Improvements](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/image-3.png)](https://njump.me/nevent1qqswjgzrrcmhn3e98y5xrar5t9tq78sgt09e38783fnxqerucff3ppczyqewrqnkx4zsaweutf739s0cu7et29zrntqs5elw70vlm8zudr3y26au00v)

What's new
----------

*   Dave Nostr AI assistant app.
*   GIFs.
*   Fulltext note search.
*   Add full screen images, add zoom, and pan.
*   Zaps! NWC/ Wallet UI.
*   Introduce last note per pubkey feed (experimental).
*   Allow multiple media uploads per selection.
*   Major Android improvements (still WIP).
*   Added notedeck app sidebar.
*   User Tagging.
*   Note truncation.
*   Local network note broadcast, broadcast notes to other notedeck notes while you're offline.
*   Mute list support (reading).
*   Relay list support.
*   Ctrl-enter to send notes.
*   Added relay indexing (relay columns soon).
*   Click hashtags to open hashtag timeline.
*   Fixed timelines sometimes not updating (stale feeds).
*   Fixed UI bounciness when loading profile pictures
*   Fixed unselectable post replies.

![Damus Notedeck v0.4.0 Beta: Zaps, Dave AI Assistant, Android Improvements](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/notedeckv041.jpg)

[**Announcement**](https://njump.me/nevent1qqs2dseuw3d4sqkyt97pzq3vg5ncx6zv2fk6ummejf88ezesa2exkrcpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgq3q8m76awca3y37hkvuneavuw6pjj4525fw90necxmadrvjg0sdy6qsncyhyu) / [Archive](https://archive.is/AQNsV#selection-171.0-171.165)
[**GitHub Repo**](https://github.com/damus-io/notedeck/releases)
[Website](https://damus.io/notedeck/)


RoboSats offers a simple and private way for exchanging bitcoin for fiat currencies. It streamlines the peer-to-peer experience and utilizes Lightning hold invoices to minimize custody and trust requirements as deterministically generated avatars help users stick to the best security practices.

[Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.](https://geyser.fund/project/nobsbitcoin)

*   RoboSats v0.7.7-alpha is now available!

> NOTE: "This version of clients is not compatible with older versions of coordinators. Coordinators must upgrade first, make sure you don't upgrade your client while this is marked as pre-release."

*   This version brings a new and improved coordinators view with reviews signed both by the robot and the coordinator, adds market price sources in coordinator profiles, shows a correct warning for canceling non-taken orders after a payment attempt, adds Uzbek sum currency, and includes package library updates for coordinators.

![RoboSats v0.7.7-alpha: New Coordinators View (UPDATED)](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-54.png)

Source: RoboSats.

*   _siggy47_ is writing daily RoboSats activity reviews on stacker.news. Check them out [here](https://stacker.news/search?q=daily+robosats&sort=recent).
*   Stay up-to-date with RoboSats [on Nostr](https://njump.me/nprofile1qqsyx53h3h7ec4fwlspjq0kqec5gv54t7rc48xdtq6q4y94wsw4fnjqsg3jtv).

What's new
----------

*   New coordinators view (see the picture above).
*   Available coordinator reviews signed by both the robot and the coordinator.
*   Coordinators now display market price sources in their profiles.

![RoboSats v0.7.7-alpha: New Coordinators View (UPDATED)](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-55.png)

Source: RoboSats.

*   Fix for wrong message on cancel button when taking an order. Users are now warned if they try to cancel a non taken order after a payment attempt.
*   Uzbek sum currency now available.
*   For coordinators: library updates.
*   Add docker frontend ([#1861](https://github.com/RoboSats/robosats/pull/1861)).
*   Add order review token ([#1869](https://github.com/RoboSats/robosats/pull/1869)).
*   Add UZS migration ([#1875](https://github.com/RoboSats/robosats/pull/1875)).
*   Fixed tests review ([#1878](https://github.com/RoboSats/robosats/pull/1878)).
*   Nostr pubkey for Robot ([#1887](https://github.com/RoboSats/robosats/pull/1887)).

### New contributors

*   [@hexlorn](https://github.com/hexlorn) made their first contribution in [#1858](https://github.com/RoboSats/robosats/pull/1858).
*   [@umk0m1qk](https://github.com/umk0m1qk) made their first contribution in [#1864](https://github.com/RoboSats/robosats/pull/1864).

![RoboSats v0.7.7-alpha: New Coordinators View (UPDATED)](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/robosats-v0777.jpg)

**Full Changelog**: [v0.7.6-alpha...v0.7.7-alpha](https://github.com/RoboSats/robosats/compare/v0.7.6-alpha...v0.7.7-alpha)

[**GitHub Repo**](https://github.com/RoboSats/robosats/releases)


News. Updates. Research. Stats. Everything Important You Need to Know.

[Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.](https://geyser.fund/project/nobsbitcoin)

News
----

*   **Spiral welcomes _Ben Carman_.** The developer [will work](https://xcancel.com/spiralbtc/status/1914334079387914435) on the LDK server and a new SDK designed to simplify the onboarding process for new self-custodial Bitcoin users.
*   **Spiral renews support for _Dan Gould_ and _Joschisan_.** The organization has renewed support for _Dan Gould_, who is developing the [Payjoin Dev Kit (PDK)](https://payjoindevkit.org/2025/03/18/the-evolution-of-payjoin), and [_Joschisan_](https://xcancel.com/spiralbtc/status/1914363508126515567), a [Fedimint](https://github.com/fedimint/fedimint) developer focused on simplifying federations.
*   **The Bitcoin Dev Kit Foundation announced new corporate members for 2025**, including [AnchorWatch](https://www.anchorwatch.com/), [CleanSpark](https://www.cleanspark.com/), and [Proton Foundation](https://proton.me/foundation). The annual dues from [these corporate members](https://bitcoindevkit.org/blog/_2025q1-new-foundation-members/) fund the small team of open-source developers responsible for maintaining the core BDK libraries and related free and open-source software (FOSS) projects.
*   **The European Central Bank is pushing for amendments to the European Union's Markets in Crypto Assets legislation (MiCA)**, just months after its implementation. According to _Politico_'s [report on Tuesday](https://www.politico.eu/article/european-commission-livid-ecb-warn-crypto-apocalypse-donald-trump/), the ECB is concerned that U.S. support for cryptocurrency, particularly stablecoins, could cause economic harm to the 27-nation bloc.
*   **Slovenia is considering a 25% capital gains tax on Bitcoin profits for individuals.** The Ministry of Finance [has proposed](https://www.gov.si/novice/2025-04-17-v-javni-obravnavi-zakonska-predloga-s-podrocja-kriptosredstev-in-izvedenih-financnih-instrumentov/) legislation to impose this tax on gains from cryptocurrency transactions, though exchanging one cryptocurrency for another would remain exempt. At present, individual 'crypto' traders in Slovenia are not taxed.
*   **The Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASP) Bill 2025 introduced in Kenya.** The [new legislation](https://bitcoinke.io/2025/04/the-vasp-kenya-license-requirements/) aims to establish a comprehensive legal framework for licensing, regulating, and supervising virtual asset service providers (VASPs), with strict penalties for non-compliant entities.
*   **Circle, BitGo, Coinbase, and Paxos plan to apply for U.S. bank charters or licenses.** According to a [report](https://archive.is/dxbWM) in _The Wall Street Journal_, major crypto companies are planning to apply for U.S. bank charters or licenses. These firms are pursuing limited licenses that would permit them to issue stablecoins, as the U.S. Congress deliberates on legislation mandating licensing for stablecoin issuers.

> "Established banks, like Bank of America, are hoping to amend the current drafts of \[stablecoin\] legislation in such a way that nonbanks are more heavily restricted from issuing stablecoins," people familiar with the matter [told](https://www.theblock.co/post/351402/circle-bitgo-to-apply-for-bank-charters-coinbase-paxos-may-follow-suit-wsj) The Block.

*   **Paul Atkins has officially assumed the role of the 34th Chairman of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).** This is a return to the agency for Atkins, who previously served as an SEC Commissioner from 2002 to 2008 under the _George W. Bush_ administration. He has [committed](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/paul-atkins-sworn-us-sec-chair-2025-04-21/) to advancing the SEC’s mission of fostering capital formation, safeguarding investors, and ensuring fair and efficient markets.
*   **Federal Reserve retracts guidance discouraging banks from engaging in 'crypto.'** The U.S. Federal Reserve [withdrew](https://www.theblock.co/post/351943/federal-reserve-retracts-guidance-discouraging-banks-from-engaging-in-crypto) guidance that discouraged banks from crypto and stablecoin activities, as [announced](https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20250424a.htm) by its Board of Governors on Thursday. This includes rescinding a 2022 supervisory letter requiring prior notification of crypto activities and 2023 stablecoin requirements.

> "As a result, the Board will no longer expect banks to provide notification and will instead monitor banks' crypto-asset activities through the normal supervisory process," reads the FED statement.

*   **Russian government to launch a cryptocurrency exchange.** The country's Ministry of Finance and Central Bank [announced](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/russias-finance-ministry-and-central-bank-to-launch-crypto-exchange-for-super-qualified-investors) plans to establish a trading platform for "highly qualified investors" that "will legalize crypto assets and bring crypto operations out of the shadows."
*   **Twenty One Capital is set to launch with over 42,000 BTC in its treasury.** This new Bitcoin-native firm, backed by Tether and SoftBank, is [planned to go public](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250423962305/en/Tether-SoftBank-Group-and-Jack-Mallers-Launch-Twenty-One-a-Bitcoin-native-Company-Through-a-Business-Combination-With-Cantor-Equity-Partners) via a SPAC merger with Cantor Equity Partners and will be led by _Jack Mallers_, co-founder and CEO of Strike. According to a [report](http://archive.today/3PoYZ) by the _Financial Times_, the company aims to replicate the model of _Michael Saylor_ with his company, MicroStrategy.
*   **Strategy increases Bitcoin holdings to 538,200 BTC.** In the [latest purchase](https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/04/21/strategy-buys-usd555m-of-bitcoin-increases-total-stash-to-538-200-btc), the company has spent more than $555M to buy 6,556 coins through proceeds of two at-the-market stock offering programs.
*   **Metaplanet buys another 145 BTC.** The Tokyo-listed company [has purchased](https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/04/24/metaplanet-hits-5-000-btc-mark-amid-strategic-treasury-expansion) an additional 145 BTC for $13.6 million. Their total bitcoin holdings now stand at 5,000 coins, worth around $428.1 million.
*   **Semler Scientific has increased its bitcoin holdings to 3,303 BTC.** The company acquired an additional 111 BTC at an average price of $90,124. The purchase was funded through proceeds from an at-the-market offering and cash reserves, as stated in a [press release](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/semler-scientific-announces-updated-btc--atm-activity-purchased-additional-111-btc-now-holds-3-303-btc-ytd-btc-yield-of-23-5-302438131.html).
*   **Tesla still holds nearly $1 billion in bitcoin.** According to the automaker's [latest earnings report](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000162828025018851/exhbit991.htm), the firm reported digital asset holdings worth $951 million as of March 31.
*   **Spar supermarket experiments with Bitcoin payments in Zug, Switzerland.** The store [has introduced](https://bitcoinnews.com/adoption/spar-supermarket-switzerland-bitcoin/) a new payment method powered by the Lightning Network. The implementation was facilitated by DFX Swiss, a service that supports seamless conversions between bitcoin and legacy currencies.

[![Block 894207: Important News of the Week](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-36.png)](https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7318277304881709057/)

*   **Charles Schwab to launch spot Bitcoin trading by 2026.** The financial investment firm, managing over $10 trillion in assets, [has revealed](https://riabiz.com/a/2025/4/19/rick-wurster-puts-harder-date-on-schwab-spot-bitcoin-launch-after-key-hire-and-400-surge-in-visits-to-its-crypto-site-but-isnt-pulling-down-crypto-red-flags-quite-yet) plans to introduce spot Bitcoin trading for its clients within the next year.
*   **Arch Labs has secured $13 million to develop "ArchVM"** and integrate smart-contract functionality with Bitcoin. The funding round, valuing the company at $200 million, was led by Pantera Capital, as [announced](https://chainwire.org/2025/04/22/arch-labs-announces-13m-funding-round-to-launch-a-native-bitcoin-virtual-machine/) on Tuesday.
*   **Citrea deployed its Clementine Bridge on the Bitcoin testnet.** The bridge [utilizes](https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2025/04/23/bitcoin-rollup-citrea-deploys-bridge-to-tackle-collateral-bottleneck-of-using-btc-in-defi) the BitVM2 programming language to inherit validity from Bitcoin, allegedly providing "the safest and most trust-minimized way to use BTC in decentralized finance."
*   **UAE-based Islamic bank ruya launches Shari’ah-compliant bitcoin investing.** The bank has become the world’s first Islamic bank to provide direct access to virtual asset investments, including Bitcoin, via its mobile app, [per](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/ruya-becomes-first-islamic-bank-to-offer-bitcoin-and-virtual-asset-investments) _Bitcoin Magazine._
*   **Solosatoshi.com has sold over 10,000 open-source miners,** adding more than 10 PH of hashpower to the Bitcoin network.

> "Thank you, Bitaxe community. OSMU developers, your brilliance built this. Supporters, your belief drives us. Customers, your trust powers 10,000+ miners and 10PH globally. Together, we’re decentralizing Bitcoin’s future. Last but certainly not least, thank you[@skot9000](https://x.com/skot9000) for not only creating a freedom tool, but instilling the idea into thousands of people, that Bitcoin mining can be for everyone again," [said](https://xcancel.com/SoloSatoshi/status/1912267232006070775) the firm on X.

*   **OCEAN's DATUM has found 100 blocks.** "Over 65% of OCEAN’s miners are using DATUM, and that number is growing every day. This means block template construction is making its way back into the hands of the miners, which is not only the most profitable


Sparrow is a free and open-source modern desktop Bitcoin wallet application supporting most hardware wallets and built on common standards such as PSBT, with an emphasis on transparency and usability.

[Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.](https://geyser.fund/project/nobsbitcoin)

![Sparrow Wallet v2.2.1: Recent Blocks View, Improved Camera, Tor & P2A Updates](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/sparrow-wallet-v220.jpg)

This update brings key enhancements for clarity and usability:

*   **Recent Blocks View**: Added to the Send tab and inspired by Mempool's visualization, it displays the last 2 blocks and the estimated next block to help choose fee rates.
*   **Camera System Overhaul**: Features a new library for higher resolution detection and mouse-scroll zoom support when available.
*   **Vector-Based Images**: All app images are now vectorized and theme-aware, enhancing contrast, especially in dark mode.
*   **Tor & P2A Updates**: Upgraded internal Tor and improved support for pay-to-anchor (P2A) outputs.
*   **Linux Package Rename**: For Linux users, Sparrow has been renamed to sparrowwallet (or sparrowserver); in some cases, the original sparrow package may need manual removal.
*   Additional updates include showing total payments in multi-payment transaction diagrams, better handling of long labels, and other UI enhancements.

[![Sparrow Wallet v2.2.1: Recent Blocks View, Improved Camera, Tor & P2A Updates](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/image-12.png)](https://xcancel.com/SparrowWallet/status/1925130328697369071)

*   [**Sparrow v2.2.1**](https://github.com/sparrowwallet/sparrow/releases) is a bug fix release that addresses missing UUID issue when starting Tor on recent macOS versions, icons for external sources in Settings and Recent Blocks view, repackaged `.deb` installs to use older gzip instead of zstd compression, and removed display of median fee rate where fee rates source is set to Server.

**Learn how to get started with Sparrow wallet:**

Release notes (v2.2.0)
----------------------

*   Added Recent Blocks view to Send tab.
*   Converted all bitmapped images to theme aware SVG format for all wallet models and dialogs.
*   Support send and display of pay to anchor (P2A) outputs.
*   Renamed `sparrow` package to `sparrowwallet` and `sparrowserver` on Linux.
*   Switched camera library to openpnp-capture.
*   Support FHD (1920 x 1080) and UHD4k (3840 x 2160) capture resolutions.
*   Support camera zoom with mouse scroll where possible.
*   In the Download Verifier, prefer verifying the dropped file over the default file where the file is not in the manifest.
*   Show a warning (with an option to disable the check) when importing a wallet with a derivation path matching another script type.
*   In Cormorant, avoid calling the `listwalletdir` RPC on initialization due to a potentially slow response on Windows.
*   Avoid server address resolution for public servers.
*   Assume server address is non local for resolution failures where a proxy is configured.
*   Added a tooltip to indicate truncated labels in table cells.
*   Dynamically truncate input and output labels in the tree on a transaction tab, and add tooltips if necessary.
*   Improved tooltips for wallet tabs and transaction diagrams with long labels.
*   Show the address where available on input and output tooltips in transaction tab tree.
*   Show the total amount sent in payments in the transaction diagram when constructing multiple payment transactions.
*   Reset preferred table column widths on adjustment to improve handling after window resizing.
*   Added accessible text to improve screen reader navigation on seed entry.
*   Made Wallet Summary table grow horizontally with dialog sizing.
*   Reduced tooltip show delay to 200ms.
*   Show transaction diagram fee percentage as less than 0.01% rather than 0.00%.
*   Optimized and reduced Electrum server RPC calls.
*   Upgraded Bouncy Castle, PGPainless and Logback libraries.
*   Upgraded internal Tor to v0.4.8.16.
*   Bug fix: Fixed issue with random ordering of keystore origins on labels import.
*   Bug fix: Fixed non-zero account script type detection when signing a message on Trezor devices.
*   Bug fix: Fixed issue parsing remote Coldcard xpub encoded on a different network.
*   Bug fix: Fixed inclusion of fees on wallet label exports.
*   Bug fix: Increase Trezor device libusb timeout.

**Linux users**: Note that the `sparrow` package has been renamed to `sparrowwallet` or `sparrowserver`, and in some cases you may need to manually uninstall the original `sparrow` package. Look in the `/opt` folder to ensure you have the new name, and the original is removed.

What's new in v2.2.1
--------------------

*   Updated Tor library to fix missing UUID issue when starting Tor on recent macOS versions.
*   Repackaged `.deb` installs to use older gzip instead of zstd compression.
*   Removed display of median fee rate where fee rates source is set to Server.
*   Added icons for external sources in Settings and Recent Blocks view
*   Bug fix: Fixed issue in Recent Blocks view when switching fee rates source
*   Bug fix: Fixed NPE on null fee returned from server

[**Announcement**](https://njump.me/nevent1qqszm2pjnt464tu242awrwkyvqgt590rvsf2lk7lgj0glpae0ts0epspp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqzyzl85553k5ew3wgc7twfs9yffz3n60sd5pmc346pdaemf363fuywv4yjku6) / [Archive](http://archive.today/V2tHL)
[**GitHub Repo**](https://github.com/sparrowwallet/sparrow/releases)


Good Morning, Bitcoin is your latest news roundup delivering key stories, project updates, new releases, guides, research, and all things related to Bitcoin and freedom tech.

[![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Tuesday, May 20th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/image-8.png)](https://mempool.space/)

News
----

*   **Wallet of Satoshi teases a comeback in the US market with a non-custodial product.** According to an [announcement on X](https://xcancel.com/walletofsatoshi/status/1923875750165479768), the widely popular custodial Lightning wallet is preparing to re-enter the United States market with a non-custodial wallet. It is unclear whether the product will be open-source, but the project has clarified that "there will be no KYC on any Wallet of Satoshi, ever!" Wallet of Satoshi [ceased](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/wallet-of-satoshi-stops-serving-us-customers/) serving customers in the United States in November 2023.

[![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Tuesday, May 20th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/image-5.png)](https://xcancel.com/walletofsatoshi/status/1923875750165479768)

*   **Vulnerability disclosure: Remote crash due to addr message spam in Bitcoin Core versions before v29.** Bitcoin Core developer _Antoine Poinsot_ [disclosed](https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/EYvwAFPNEfsQ8cVwiK-8v6ovJU43Vy-ylARiDQ_1XBXAgg_ZqWIpB6m51fAIRtI-rfTmMGvGLrOe5Utl5y9uaHySELpya2ojC7yGsXnP90s=@protonmail.com/T/#u#mc3e78110ae4b67757a616e3c7492ce1cc56858c1) an integer overflow bug that crashes a node if spammed with addr messages over an extended period. A fix was released on April 14, 2025, in [Bitcoin Core v29.0.](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/bitcoin-core-v29-0/) The issue is rated Low severity.
*   **Coinbase Know Your Customer (KYC) data leak.** The U.S. Department of Justice, including its Criminal Division in Washington, is [investigating](https://www.theblock.co/post/354935/doj-launches-criminal-investigation-into-coinbase-cyberattack-bloomberg) a cyberattack on Coinbase. The incident involved cybercriminals attempting to [extort $20 millio](https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/coinbase-discloses-breach-faces-up-to-400-million-in-losses/)n from Coinbase to prevent stolen customer data from being leaked online. Although the data breach affected less than 1% of the exchange's users, Coinbase now faces [at least six lawsuits](https://www.tradingview.com/news/cointelegraph:e50cbbb4d094b:0-coinbase-hit-with-wave-of-lawsuits-over-customer-data-breaches/) following the revelation that some customer support agents were bribed as part of the extortion scheme.
*   **Fold has launched Bitcoin Gift Cards**, [enabling users](https://investor.foldapp.com/news-releases/news-release-details/fold-introduces-most-convenient-way-buy-and-share-bitcoin-new) to purchase bitcoin for personal use or as gifts, redeemable via the Fold app. These cards are currently available on Fold’s [website](https://foldapp.com/bitcoin-gift-card) and are planned to expand to major retailers nationwide later this year.

> "Our mission is to make bitcoin simple and approachable for everyone. The Bitcoin Gift Card brings bitcoin to millions of Americans in a familiar way. Available at the places people already shop, the Bitcoin Gift Card is the best way to gift bitcoin to others," said Will Reeves, Chairman and CEO of Fold.

*   **Corporate treasuries hold nearly 1.1 million BTC**, representing about 5.5% of the total circulating supply (1,082,164 BTC), per [BitcoinTreasuries.net](https://bitcointreasuries.net/entities/tether-holdings) data. Recent purchases include Strategy adding [7,390 BTC](https://btctimes.com/strategy-acquires-7-390-bitcoin-as-class-action-lawsuit-filed/) (total: 576,230 BTC), Metplanet acquiring [1,004 BTC](https://contents.xj-storage.jp/xcontents/33500/b701fd66/1080/4ce0/9206/7989fd6ade07/140120250519557359.pdf) (total: 7,800 BTC), Tether holding over 100,521 BTC, and XXI Capital, led by _Jack Mallers_, starting with 31,500 BTC.
    *   Meanwhile, a group of investors [has filed](https://www.theblock.co/post/354851/strategy-and-co-founder-michael-saylor-faces-class-action-lawsuit-involving-alleged-federal-securities-law-violations) a class action lawsuit against Strategy and its executive _Michael Saylor_. The lawsuit alleges that Strategy made overly optimistic projections using fair value accounting under new FASB rules while downplaying potential losses.
*   **The U.S. Senate voted to advance the GENIUS stablecoin bill** for further debate before a final vote to pass it. Meanwhile, the House is crafting its own stablecoin legislation to establish a regulatory framework for stablecoins and their issuers in the U.S, [reports](https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/05/19/senate-advances-stablecoin-bill-clearing-the-way-for-final-passage) _CoinDesk._
*   **French 'crypto' entrepreneurs get priority access to emergency police services.** French Minister of the Interior, _Bruno Retailleau,_ [agreed](https://protos.com/french-government-gives-crypto-entrepreneurs-priority-police-line/) on measures to enhance security for 'crypto' professionals during a meeting on Friday. This follows a [failed kidnapping](https://www.coindesk.com/business/2025/05/15/crypto-exchange-ceos-daughter-grandson-targeted-in-paris-kidnap-attempt) attempt on Tuesday targeting the family of a cryptocurrency exchange CEO, and two other kidnappings earlier this year.
*   **Brussels Court declares tracking-based ads illegal in EU.** The Brussels Court of Appeal [ruled](https://therecord.media/eu-court-rules-tracking-based-ads-illegal) tracking-based online ads illegal in the EU due to an inadequate consent model. Major tech firms like Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and X are affected by the decision, as their consent pop-ups fail to protect privacy in real-time bidding, writes _The Record_.
*   **Telegram shares data on 22,777 users in Q1 2025**, a [significant increase](https://www.404media.co/telegram-gave-authorities-data-on-more-than-20-000-users/) from the 5,826 users' data shared during the same period in 2024. This significant increase follows the arrest of CEO and founder _Pavel Durov_ [last year](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/telegram-founder-pavel-durov-charged-on-12-criminal-counts-in-france/).
*   **An Australian judge has ruled that Bitcoin is money**, [potentially exempting](https://www.afr.com/wealth/personal-finance/this-court-case-could-make-your-bitcoin-profits-tax-free-20250430-p5lvft) it from capital gains tax in the country. If upheld on appeal, this interim decision could lead to taxpayer refunds worth up to $1 billion, per tax lawyer _Adrian Cartland_.

Use the tools
-------------

*   [**Bitcoin Safe v1.3.0**](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/bitcoin-safe-v1-3-0/) a secure and user-friendly Bitcoin savings wallet for beginners and advanced users, introduces an interactive chart, Child Pays For Parent (CPFP) support, testnet4 compatibility, preconfigured testnet demo wallets, various bug fixes, and other improvements.
*   [**BlueWallet v7.1.8**](https://github.com/BlueWallet/BlueWallet/releases) brings numerous bug fixes, dependency updates, and a new search feature for addresses and transactions.
*   [**Aqua Wallet v0.3.0**](https://github.com/AquaWallet/aqua-wallet/releases/tag/v0.3.0) is out, offering beta testing for the reloadable Dolphin card ([in partnership with Visa](https://btctimes.com/aqua-pushes-forward-with-visa-as-moonpay-partners-with-mastercard/)) for spending bitcoin and Liquid BTC. It also includes a new Optical Character Recognition (OCR) text scanner to read text addresses like QR codes, colored numbers on addresses for better readability, a reduced minimum for spending and swapping Liquid Bitcoin to 100 sats, plus other fixes and enhancements.

![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Tuesday, May 20th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/05/image-7.png)

Source: [Aqua wallet.](https://xcancel.com/AquaBitcoin/status/1923169207346225655/photo/1)

*   The latest firmware updates for [**COLDCARD Mk4 v5.4.3 and Q v1.3.3**](https://xcancel.com/COLDCARDwallet/status/1922658877562360154) are now available, featuring the latest enhancements and bug fixes.
*   [**Nunchuk Android v1.9.68.1**](https://github.com/nunchuk-io/nunchuk-android/releases/tag/android.1.68.1) and [**iOS v1.9.79**](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/nunchuk-bitcoin-wallet/id1563190073) introduce support for custom blockchain explorers, wallet archiving, re-ordering wallets on the home screen via long-press, and an anti-fee sniping setting.
*   [**BDK-cli v1.0.0**](https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli/releases/tag/v1.0.0), a CLI wallet library and REPL tool to demo and test the BDK library, now uses bdk\_wallet 1.0.0 and integrates Kyoto, utilizing the Kyoto protocol for compact block filters. It sets SQLite as the default database and discontinues support for sled.
*   [**publsp**](https://github.com/smallworlnd/publsp) is a new command-line tool designed for Lightning node runners or Lightning Service Providers (LSPs) to advertise liquidity offers over Nostr.

> "LSPs advertise liquidity as addressable Kind 39735 events. Clients just pull and evaluate all those structured events, then NIP-17 DM an LSP of their choice to coordinate a liquidity purchase," [writes](https://njump.me/nevent1qqsrpdcdjyw2yz4fp3aas7mr24e7f6sxe2n3wexjwpu09ev5pgm3z2qpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqzypwe8ymf9knyvku79g55ygmz0g5hue5dk99xy7s4jup8v4dev2nly7wfa0j) developer _smallworlnd._

*   [**Lightning Blinder**](https://github.com/supertestnet/lightning_blinder) by _Super Testnet_ is a proof-of-concept privacy tool for the Lightning Network. It enables users to mislead Lightning Service Providers (LSPs) by making it appear as though one wallet is the sender or recipient, masking the original wallet. Explore and try it out [here](https://supertestnet.github.io/lightning_blinder/).

*   [**Mempal v1.5.3**](https://github.com/aeonBTC/Mempal/releases/tag/v1.5.3), a Bitcoin mempool monitoring and notification app for Android, now includes a swipe-down feature to refresh the dashboard, a custom time option for widget auto-update frequency, and a


LND v0.19.0-beta: RBF Cooperative Close, Improved Payment Reliability & More

The Lightning Network Daemon (LND) is a complete implementation of a Lightning Network node developed by Lightning Labs.

[Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.](https://geyser.fund/project/nobsbitcoin)

*   The newest LND release brings upgrades that empower developers with better on-chain management, significantly boost backend scalability for expanding services, and ensure a more seamless and dependable payment experience.

> "We are excited to announce the release of LND v0.19.0 beta! This new release focuses on making LND more secure, scalable, and reliable for powering global bitcoin and stablecoin transactions," was announced in a blog post.

*   Some highlights of this release include a Replace-By-Fee Cooperative Close for flexible channel closure fees, migration of invoices to SQL for faster startups, enhanced payment reliability through improved pathfinding, transaction sweeper improvements, the addition of Testnet4 support for stable testing, among other things.

> "As always, we are grateful for the ongoing support of our external contributors across development, review, and testing. A total of 51 developers contributed to this release. For the complete list of changes included in this release, check out the [full release notes](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/releases/tag/v0.19.0-beta)."

What's new
----------

*   [**New RBF cooperative close flow**](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9610)**.** It uses RBF to enable either side to increase their fee rate using their _own_ channel funds. Channel peers must support the `option_simple_close` for this new protocol to work. This new feature can be activated with a new config flag: `--protocol.rbf-coop-close`.
    *   This feature isn't compatible with older LND versions; fee bumping with them uses CPFP. It already works with Eclair v0.12.0 or up, and should work with other implementations as they roll out support for this protocol. The protocol currently does not support Taproot channels and Taproot asset channels.
*   **Support for archiving channel backups** **in a specific folder for future reference.** It comes with a new config option, `disable-backup-archive` (default: `false`), to control whether previous backups are archived.
*   [**Support**](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/8390) **for** [**experimental endorsement**](https://github.com/lightning/blips/pull/27) **signal relay.** Deployed experimentally to assist ongoing channel jamming research, it has _no impact_ on routing.
*   **Initial support for** [**quiescence**](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/8270)**.** This protocol gadget is required for upcoming Dynamic Commitments and Splicing features.
*   **Historical Sync**: Fixed [a race condition](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9424) blocking initial sync due to syncer's internal state handling.
*   **Max Fee Rate** is [now respected](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9491) during cooperative close initiation for both parties, not just the remote party.
*   Lots of other [**bug fixes**](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/blob/master/docs/release-notes/release-notes-0.19.0.md#bug-fixes).
*   **Performance Improvements:**
    *   Limit outbound [gossip traffic bandwidth](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9607) with --gossip.msg-rate-bytes and --gossip.msg-rate-burst. Set burst to the maximum bytes transmittable without rate limiting, and rate to the ongoing permitted rate.

*   Ability to use ZSTD for log rotation.
*   [Remove redundant iteration](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9496) over a node's persisted channels when updating the graph cache with a new node or node update.

*   **Functional Enhancements:**
    *   [Add pagination](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/8998) for wallet transactions.
    *   [Make](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9562) `MaxWaitNumBlocksFundingConf` configurable for faster test timeouts, with a default of 2016 blocks for production.
    *   Change sweeper to [attempt sweeps](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9627) if the budget is partially covered, preventing delays and high fees.
    *   [Validate](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9603) MPP parameters before payment to avoid path finding loops and timeouts.
*   **Functional Updates:**
    *   Enable [log compression](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9017) with ZSTD using the logging.file.compressor argument.
    *   [Enhance SCB file](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/8183) with more data for last-resort rescue when a peer is unavailable.
    *   Update channel.backup file at shutdown in LND.
    *   Introduce [chainio subsystem](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9315) to sync subsystems with the current best block, fixing delays in HTLC sweeping due to block height discrepancies in ChainArbitrator, UtxoSweeper, and TxPublisher. Click [here](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/blob/master/chainio/README.md) to learn more.
    *   Sweeper now uses [configured budget values](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9274) for HTLCs with `--sweeper.budget.deadlinehtlcratio` and `--sweeper.budget.deadlinehtlc`.
    *   Consider blockbeat dispatcher height [when checking](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9501) if lnd is synced to chain.
    *   Allocate restricted slots for peers via [\--num-restricted-slots](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9458).
    *   Added support for bitcoin [testnet4](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9620).
    *   [Removed](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9621) x/exp/maps dependency.
    *   Add [\--no-disconnect-on-pong-failure option](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9801) (default: false) to manage peer disconnection on pong failure or mismatch.
*   **RPC Additions and Updates.** Some RPCs that previously returned an empty response now provide a [short status message](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/7762) to help command line users confirm successful execution or background initiation. The following CLI commands no longer return an empty response ({}):

    *   `lncli wallet releaseoutput` (`WalletKit.ReleaseOutput` RPC)
    *   `lncli wallet accounts import-pubkey` (`WalletKit.ImportPublicKey` RPC)
    *   `lncli wallet labeltx` (`WalletKit.LabelTransaction` RPC)
    *   `lncli sendcustom` (`Lightning.SendCustomMessage` RPC)
    *   `lncli connect` (`Lightning.ConnectPeer` RPC)
    *   `lncli disconnect` (`Lightning.DisconnectPeer` RPC)
    *   `lncli stop` (`Lightning.Stop` RPC)
    *   `lncli deletepayments` (`Lightning.DeleteAllPaymentsResponse` RPC)
    *   `lncli abandonchannel` (`Lightning.AbandonChannel` RPC)
    *   `lncli restorechanbackup` (`Lightning.RestoreChannelBackups` RPC)
    *   `lncli verifychanbackup` (`Lightning.VerifyChanBackup` RPC)

    *   The ForwardInterceptor's MODIFY option now [merges](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9240) custom range TLVs with existing HTLC records, overwriting conflicting values with API-supplied ones.
    *   [Make](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9405) ProofMatureDelta in gossip configurable via --gossip.announcement-conf, defaulting to 6.
    *   [Add LockedIn boolean field](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9602) to lnrpc.HTLC to show if an HTLC is locked in by the remote peer.
    *   [Allow custom lock ID and duration in FundPsbt](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9724) RPC.
    *   Extend [lnrpc.RPCMiddlewareRequest](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9739) to include [gRPC metadata](https://grpc.io/docs/guides/metadata) pairs from the initial request's context.Context.
    *   [Updated](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9772) `PendingSweeps` to return all registered outputs in the RPC response, regardless of future locktime, enabling planning for upcoming sweeps and custom aggregation logic. Added `MaturityHeight` field to `PendingSweep` for absolute locktime value.
    *   [Add BumpForceCloseFee RPC endpoint](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/8843), moving lncli functionality to LND for broader accessibility.
    *   Enhance walletrpc.FundPsbt with an option to [set fees as sat\_per\_kw](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9013) for greater precision.
    *   [Add a new option in walletrpc.FundPsbt](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/8600) to specify the maximum fee-to-output amounts ratio.
    *   [Sort](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9337) lnrpc.Invoice.Htlcs by InvoiceHTLC.HtlcIndex in the list invoices RPC response.
    *   Set a [default 60-second timeout](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9359) for routerrpc.SendPaymentV2 when timeout\_seconds is unset or 0.
    *   Include [custom\_channel\_data for custom channels](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9504) in lnrpc.ClosedChannels response.
*   **lncli updates and additions:**
    *   Allow [pre-generated macaroon root key](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9172) in lncli create and lncli createwatchonly for deterministic macaroon generation.
    *   [Add --sat\_per\_kw flag](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9013) to lncli wallet fundpsbt for precise fee rate specification.
    *   Include [\--max\_fee\_ratio argument](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/8600) in lncli wallet fundpsbt to set maximum fee-to-output amounts ratio.
    *   [Enhance](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9390) lncli listchannels and lncli closedchannels output with human-readable short channel ID and BOLT02 channel ID; rename chan\_id to scid for accuracy.
    *   Initiate cooperative close flow in [coop close case](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9491) even with active HTLCs, disabling the channel for new HTLCs and starting the flow when no HTLCs remain.
    *   Introduce macaroon constraint for [IP range-based access restriction](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/pull/9546), expanding beyond spe


Rob Warren shows how Bitcoin’s proof-of-work, anchored in energy and decentralization, makes it unkillable and turns stranded energy into value.

Key Takeaways
-------------

![Center of Hash - Bitcoin EXPERT Reveals Why It’s Impossible to Hack Bitcoin | Rob Warren](https://www.tftc.io/content/images/2025/08/Rob-Warren.jpg)

Rob Warren, Head of Research and Education at Bitcoin Park, explains that Bitcoin’s security rests on proof-of-work mining, which issues new coins and validates transactions by converting energy into hashes. This anchors Bitcoin’s rules in physical reality, ensuring the 21 million cap and preventing manipulation. Mining thrives on “liability energy,” stranded, wasted, or underutilized power, making Bitcoin a unique buyer of last resort that strengthens grids and monetizes inefficiencies. While hardware manufacturing and mining pools remain centralized, with Bitmain, Whatsminer, Foundry, and Antpool dominating, ongoing efforts like open-source tools and alternative models point toward greater resilience. Ultimately, Bitcoin was not built to rival Visa but to be unkillable, its strength lies in decentralization, energy use, and the permissionless incentives that make it impossible to hack.

Best Quotes
-----------

“All Bitcoin that exists has come into existence through mining.”

“Bitcoin wasn’t designed to compete with Visa. It was designed to be unkillable.”

“It needs to be hard to make money… there has to be a cost associated with producing the money.”

“Bitcoin demands that you use real energy in the real world if you want to participate.”

“Energy is often a liability. For producers, Bitcoin is a buyer of last resort.”

“You don’t have to understand Bitcoin to mine it, but if you don’t, you risk killing the golden goose.”

“The economies of scale in Bitcoin mining don’t come from hashing, they come from energy strategy and efficiency.”

“Two pools controlling over 60% of the network is essentially two nodes running 60% of the network.”

“Maybe the golden age of mining pools is behind us.”

“Bitcoin’s design works because it enforces discipline through energy, creating a permissionless, censorship-resistant system no one can hack.”

Conclusion
----------

The episode makes clear that Bitcoin’s resilience comes from its grounding in physics: miners must expend electricity to secure the network, tying digital scarcity to real-world cost. This design ensures integrity, censorship resistance, and long-term survival, even as challenges of centralization persist. Far from wasteful, Bitcoin transforms excess and stranded energy into economic value while enabling new innovations like heat reuse. By aligning incentives through proof-of-work, Bitcoin remains fundamentally unkillable, a system where energy and decentralization make hacking impossible.

Timestamps
----------

0:00 - Rob's Background at Bitcoin Park
03:01 - Core Functions of Bitcoin Mining
05:19 - Why Energy Consumption Secures Bitcoin
10:16 - How Bitcoin Mining Machines Work
18:03 - Proof-of-Work vs Proof-of-Stake
25:35 - Permissionless Mining & Economic Incentives
31:16 - Energy as Liability, Miners as Solution
38:51 - Optimal Energy Sources for Mining
49:15 - Machine Efficiency & Depreciation Economics
53:38 - Economies of Scale in Bitcoin Mining
58:07 - Energy Efficiency Hardware Improvements
1:04:57 - Hardware Manufacturing Centralization Risks
1:11:07 - Pool Mining Centralization Risks
1:34:40 - Miners' Role in Promoting Decentralization
1:40:49 - Expert Recommendations for Further Learning

Transcript
----------

(00:05) Rob, welcome back to Bitcoin Park. It's good to be here again. Last time was the uh Texas Energy and Mining Summit. Well, feels like yesterday, but it does now now a couple months in the past. Yeah. And uh so we're joined today by Rob Warren, who is the head of research and education at Bitcoin Park. Talk a little bit about that role. Yeah.
(00:29) So, I I've worked predominantly in the mining industry and have have been really deep in really kind of generally the research and education side of things just cuz we've all been figuring stuff out in public as things do in Bitcoin and jumped on with Bitcoin Park essentially is the the the broadhead of research and education which gives me the opportunity to do exactly um exactly what I'm doing but in the context of now the whole Bitcoin space, which is fantastic because it's not just exposure to mining, but it's also introductions to folks that are, you know, working on the human rights side of Bitcoin, who are working on the
(01:05) technical side of Bitcoin, the payments, the custodies. So, it's it's really kind of a a whole new aspect of uh of work that's opened up, which I love. And in addition to work at Bitcoin Park, which were now members of the organization. That's right. Here in Austin, uh, happy members.
(01:30) You also wrote a book, The Bitcoin Miners Almanac. That's right. Yeah. And in my view, you know, we're friends, but also just in the discussions that we've had, you um have a well-rounded perspective of granularly, you know, how a Bitcoin mine works, what the inputs are, Bitcoin at its broadest sense as a money network, and um the combination of those for these early episodes of this podcast.
(01:59) you know, you were one of the one, two, and three people on my list to to record the first episodes to kind of lay some groundwork of not just going into Bitcoin mining 101, but painting a broad structure of the critical aspects of um how Bitcoin mining works, the energy components of it, why it's important to the system.
(02:24) And today I want to kind of dive deeper into the the energy side of what is actually happening, you know, in terms of why the energy is important to Bitcoin. Also some points around centralization. But before we get into those kind of deeper points, I want to hear you articulate because we've had conversations in the past about how there's there's bad analogies of what Bitcoin mining is or isn't. Mhm.
(02:53) One of which is that Bitcoin mining is a is a battery or Bitcoin's a battery. Um whether it's proof of power, but but just talk a little bit about, you know, from your perspective, the function of mining to the Bitcoin network and why it's important and what it is. Sure. Sure. Well, I mean, as as most things are, it's always good to go back to the source document and kind of understand how things were understood at the earliest days of Bitcoin. So functionally, Bitcoin mining does two things.
(03:23) It allows for the issuance of new Bitcoin. That that to us is called the block reward. So approximately every 10 minutes a block is found. You find a block, you are rewarded with something. You're rewarded with Bitcoin. That is a way to get Bitcoin into the world. You need a way to essentially distribute Bitcoin so that people can then have some utility.
(03:46) they can whether that's holding or spending or whatever they do with it. All Bitcoin that exists has come into existence through mining. The next thing that you need to do is you need to be able to transact with the asset. So you need to be able to actually send it to people and that's the second part of Bitcoin mining which is settlement.
(04:05) So, it's the ability to actually submit a signed transaction to the memp pool, have it included in a block, which then the miners are given a small reward for, which is the the fee that you pay to transact on the Bitcoin network. And fundamentally, that's the two things that Bitcoin mining does from a from an operational from a functional perspective in uh in Bitcoin.
(04:24) And it's where we stand today is really worlds apart from where we were in the days of the white paper. And it's almost unrecognizable to look at Bitcoin as of 2025 and try to compare it to what it was in in the earliest days, the 20 odds, right? For one, the biggest difference is that when we talk about what a node is, Satoshi refers to a node as a node that is actually doing mining. And where we stand today, functionally, that's extremely rare.
(04:59) Now, it's it's coming back and I'm sure we'll we'll hit on this when we talk about the decentralization point. But it's interesting how you you can learn a lot about the present by actually going to the original source documents, the white paper, and then understanding, okay, well, what's different and what's the same and how do we hold true to what was actually, you know, given to us in the white paper to make sure that we're really we're really um appropriately stewarding this thing, this Bitcoin thing as we build on it in the future.
(05:24) And so what is it about the mining function and specifically energy that you view or why is it critical to the system? Like why is this function critical to? So if they're if they're doing if if Bitcoin miners are functionally doing two things, validating currency transactions and validating the fixed supply of the currency, why and how is the mining function critical to that? But at a lower level, what is the function of energy and energy consumption within there? That's such a big question.
(06:06) It's such a big question and it's really interesting because when you when you look at the earliest conversations on something like the the Bitcoin talk forums where a lot of folks who are household names in Bitcoin are trying to figure out what is the extension or what is the natural growth path of Bitcoin.
(06:33) There are only very small glimpses into what the future of the mining sector would look like. There are some references to when I run my computer, it heats up my room. Um, there's references to the noise, you know, how how noisy your computer gets if you happen to be running your Bitcoin client and and it's mining and your computer is now wrapped up operating at 100% all the time.
(06:52) Um, but it was I'd argue that it's not really something that we have a fully fleshed out theory of. It's something that we're actually living through the history of right now. And fundamentally it all reduces to this this truth which is that to win a b


[![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Saturday, April 26th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-50.png)](https://mempool.space/)

Headlines
---------

*   **Spiral renews support for Dan Gould and Joschisan.** The organization has renewed support for _Dan Gould_, who is developing the [Payjoin Dev Kit (PDK)](https://payjoindevkit.org/2025/03/18/the-evolution-of-payjoin), and [_Joschisan_](https://xcancel.com/spiralbtc/status/1914363508126515567), a [Fedimint](https://github.com/fedimint/fedimint) developer focused on simplifying federations.
*   **Metaplanet buys another 145 BTC.** The Tokyo-listed company [has purchased](https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/04/24/metaplanet-hits-5-000-btc-mark-amid-strategic-treasury-expansion) an additional 145 BTC for $13.6 million. Their total bitcoin holdings now stand at 5,000 coins, worth around $428.1 million.
*   **Semler Scientific has increased its bitcoin holdings to 3,303 BTC.** The company acquired an additional 111 BTC at an average price of $90,124. The purchase was funded through proceeds from an at-the-market offering and cash reserves, as stated in a [press release](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/semler-scientific-announces-updated-btc--atm-activity-purchased-additional-111-btc-now-holds-3-303-btc-ytd-btc-yield-of-23-5-302438131.html).
*   **The Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASP) Bill 2025 introduced in Kenya.** The [new legislation](https://bitcoinke.io/2025/04/the-vasp-kenya-license-requirements/) aims to establish a comprehensive legal framework for licensing, regulating, and supervising virtual asset service providers (VASPs), with strict penalties for non-compliant entities.
*   **Russian government to launch a cryptocurrency exchange.** The country's Ministry of Finance and Central Bank [announced](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/russias-finance-ministry-and-central-bank-to-launch-crypto-exchange-for-super-qualified-investors) plans to establish a trading platform for "highly qualified investors" that "will legalize crypto assets and bring crypto operations out of the shadows."
*   **All virtual asset service providers expect to be fully compliant with the Travel Rule by the end of 2025.** A survey by financial surveillance specialist [Notabene](https://www.coindesk.com/business/2025/04/23/travel-rule-compliance-surges-on-new-regs-stablecoin-payments-notabene-says) reveals that 90% of virtual asset service providers (VASPs) expect full Travel Rule compliance by mid-2025, with all aiming for compliance by year-end. The survey also shows a significant rise in VASPs blocking withdrawals until beneficiary information is confirmed, increasing from 2.9% in 2024 to 15.4% now. Additionally, about 20% of VASPs return deposits if originator data is missing.
*   **UN claims Bitcoin mining is a "powerful tool" for money laundering.** _The Rage_'s [analysis](https://www.therage.co/un-mining-money-laundering/) suggests that the recent United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime report on crime in South-East Asia makes little sense and hints at the potential introduction of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) measures at the mining level.
*   **Riot Platforms has obtained a $100 million credit facility from Coinbase Credit**, using bitcoin as collateral for short-term funding to support its expansion. The firm's CEO, _Jason Les,_ [stated](https://www.riotplatforms.com/riot-platforms-announces-100-million-credit-facility-with-coinbase/) that this facility is crucial for diversifying financing sources and driving long-term stockholder value through strategic growth initiatives.
*   **Bitdeer raises $179M in loans and equity amid Bitcoin chip push.** _The Miner Mag_ [reports](https://www.theminermag.com/news/2025-04-22/bitdeer-bitcoin-loan-sealminer) that Bitdeer entered into a loan agreement with its affiliate Matrixport for up to $200 million in April, as disclosed in its [annual report](https://ir.bitdeer.com/static-files/fd6af83f-6142-48aa-b15d-5bc3bc83de96) filed on Monday.
*   **Federal Reserve retracts guidance discouraging banks from engaging in 'crypto.'** The U.S. Federal Reserve [withdrew](https://www.theblock.co/post/351943/federal-reserve-retracts-guidance-discouraging-banks-from-engaging-in-crypto) guidance that discouraged banks from crypto and stablecoin activities, as [announced](https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20250424a.htm) by its Board of Governors on Thursday. This includes rescinding a 2022 supervisory letter requiring prior notification of crypto activities and 2023 stablecoin requirements.

> "As a result, the Board will no longer expect banks to provide notification and will instead monitor banks' crypto-asset activities through the normal supervisory process," reads the FED statement.

*   **UAE-based Islamic bank ruya launches Shari’ah-compliant bitcoin investing.** The bank has become the world’s first Islamic bank to provide direct access to virtual asset investments, including Bitcoin, via its mobile app, [per](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/ruya-becomes-first-islamic-bank-to-offer-bitcoin-and-virtual-asset-investments) _Bitcoin Magazine._
*   **U.S. 'crypto' scam losses amounted to $9.3B in 2024.** The US The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) [has reported](https://www.ic3.gov/AnnualReport/Reports/2024_IC3Report.pdf) $9.3 billion losses in cryptocurrency-related scams in 2024, noting a troubling trend of scams targeting older Americans, which accounted for over $2.8 billion of those losses.

![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Saturday, April 26th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-49.png)

Source: [FBI.](https://www.ic3.gov/AnnualReport/Reports/2024_IC3Report.pdf)

*   **North Korean hackers establish fake companies to target 'crypto' developers.** Silent Push researchers [reported](https://www.silentpush.com/blog/contagious-interview-front-companies/) that hackers linked to the Lazarus Group created three shell companies, two of which are based in the U.S., with the objective of spreading malware through deceptive job interview scams aimed at individuals seeking jobs in cryptocurrency companies.
*   **Citrea deployed its Clementine Bridge on the Bitcoin testnet.** The bridge [utilizes](https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2025/04/23/bitcoin-rollup-citrea-deploys-bridge-to-tackle-collateral-bottleneck-of-using-btc-in-defi) the BitVM2 programming language to inherit validity from Bitcoin, allegedly providing "the safest and most trust-minimized way to use BTC in decentralized finance."
*   **Hesperides University offers a Master’s degree in Bitcoin.** _Bitcoin Magazine_ [reports](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/university-of-the-hesperides-launches-first-spanish-language-masters-program-focused-exclusively-on-bitcoin) the launch of the first-ever Spanish-language Master’s program dedicated exclusively to Bitcoin. Starting April 28, 2025, this fully online program will equip professionals with technical, economic, legal, and philosophical skills to excel in the Bitcoin era.
*   **BTC in D.C. event** is set to take place on September 30 - October 1 in Washington, D.C. Learn more about this initiative [here](https://btcindc.com/).

[![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Saturday, April 26th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-44.png)](https://xcancel.com/PavelTheCoder/status/1915592501546619163)

Use the tools
-------------

*   [**Bitcoin Keeper**](https://medium.com/bitbees/bitcoin-keeper-rebrand-new-logo-same-commitment-6009a88f7b49) just got a new look. [Version 2.2.0](https://github.com/bithyve/bitcoin-keeper/releases) of the mobile multisig app brought a new branding design, along with a [Keeper Private](https://medium.com/bitbees/introducing-keeper-private-where-wealth-meets-sovereignty-278e93332b32) tier, testnet support, ability to import and export [BIP-329](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0329.mediawiki) labels, and the option to use a Server Key with multiple users.
    *   Earlier this month the project also announced [Keeper Learn](https://medium.com/bitbees/introducing-keeper-learn-your-simple-expert-guided-path-to-understanding-bitcoin-be53470be069) service, offering clear and guided Bitcoin learning sessions for both groups and individuals.
*   [**Keeper Desktop v0.2.2**](https://github.com/bithyve/keeper-desktop/releases/tag/keeper-desktop-v0.2.2), a companion desktop app for Bitcoin Keeper mobile app, received a renewed branding update, too.

![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Saturday, April 26th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-45.png)

The evolution of Bitcoin Keeper logo. Source: [BitHyve blog](https://medium.com/bitbees/bitcoin-keeper-rebrand-new-logo-same-commitment-6009a88f7b49).

*   [**Blockstream Green Desktop v2.0.25**](https://github.com/Blockstream/green_qt/releases) updates GDK to v0.75.1 and fixes amount parsing issues when switching from fiat denomination to Liquid asset.
*   [**Lightning Loop v0.31.0-beta**](https://github.com/lightninglabs/loop/releases/tag/v0.31.0-beta) enhances the `loop listswaps` command by improving the ability to filter the response.
*   [**Lightning-kmp v1.10.0**](https://github.com/ACINQ/lightning-kmp/releases), an implementation of the Lightning Network in Kotlin, is now available.
*   [**LND v0.19.0-beta.rc3**](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/releases/tag/v0.19.0-beta.rc3), the latest beta release candidate of LND is now ready for testing.
*   [**ZEUS v0.11.0-alpha2**](https://github.com/ZeusLN/zeus/releases/tag/v0.11.0-alpha2) is now available for testing, too. It's nuts.
*   [**JoinMarket Fidelity Bond Simulator**](https://m0wer.github.io/joinmarket-fidelity-bond-simulator/) helps potential JoinMarket makers evaluate their competitive position in the market based on fidelity bonds.
*   [**UTXOscope**](https://github.com/Drew72-ita/UTXOscope) is a text-only Bitcoin blockchain analysis tool that visualizes price dynamics using only on-chain data. The


Bitcoin Treasury: Do Companies Now Exist Solely to Hold Bitcoin?

Bitcoin as a digital asset has grown from a niche technology to a recognized financial instrument over the…

Bitcoin as a digital asset has grown from a niche technology to a recognized financial instrument over the past decade. Unlike traditional currencies, no government or central bank controls it, and its supply is limited to 21 million coins. These characteristics have made it attractive to both individual investors and companies looking for new ways to manage their wealth.

In recent years, more businesses have started holding bitcoin as part of their financial reserves. From technology firms to payment companies and even mining operations, bitcoin is increasingly appearing on corporate balance sheets.

This raises an interesting question: Do companies exist just to hold bitcoin, or is holding bitcoin simply part of a broader [financial strategy](https://lightning.news/retail-investors-all-in-on-bitcoin-etfs/)?

This article explores that question by looking at what a Bitcoin treasury is, why companies adopt it, and whether some companies are now built entirely around this idea.

Table of Contents
-----------------

*   [What Is a Bitcoin Treasury?](#what-is-a-bitcoin-treasury)
*   [Why Companies Hold Bitcoin in Their Treasury](#why-companies-hold-bitcoin-in-their-treasury)
*   [Major Companies Holding Bitcoin in 2025 (With Real Examples)](#major-companies-holding-bitcoin-in-2025-with-real-examples)
*   [Publicly Traded Companies Actively Holding Bitcoin in 2025](#publicly-traded-companies-actively-holding-bitcoin-in-2025)
*   [Private Companies Actively Holding Bitcoin in 2025](#private-companies-actively-holding-bitcoin-in-2025)
*   [Institutional & Government Holdings of Bitcoin in 2025](#institutional-government-holdings-of-bitcoin-in-2025)
*   [Do Any Companies Exist Solely to Hold Bitcoin?](#do-any-companies-exist-solely-to-hold-bitcoin)
*   [The Risks and Criticisms of Bitcoin Treasuries](#the-risks-and-criticisms-of-bitcoin-treasuries)
*   [Conclusion](#conclusion)

**What Is a Bitcoin Treasury?**
-------------------------------

A Bitcoin treasury refers to a company holding bitcoin as part of its reserve assets. Instead of keeping all of its funds in traditional assets like cash, bonds, or real estate, it allocates a portion to bitcoin. This is usually a deliberate financial strategy designed to strengthen the company’s balance sheet.

Holding bitcoin in a treasury works much like other strategic asset holdings, such as gold or foreign currency reserves. It allows companies to diversify their assets, protect themselves from economic shifts, and potentially benefit from price growth over time.

There is an important distinction to make here:

*   **Some companies hold bitcoin as one of many assets.** For them, bitcoin is just a small part of a much larger strategy.

*   **Other companies or funds exist primarily to hold bitcoin.** These firms often raise capital with the specific intention of buying and managing bitcoin as their primary business activity.

This means that, unlike regular businesses (like Tesla or Coinbase) that have other core operations, these companies exist mainly to accumulate and manage bitcoin as an asset.

*   They usually raise money from investors (through stock sales, funding rounds, or other capital raises).

*   They use most of that money to buy bitcoin and then hold it as their primary asset.

*   Their business model is tied directly to the value of bitcoin; if bitcoin goes up, the company’s value rises, and vice versa.

Examples of such companies include:

*   **MicroStrategy (Strategy)** started as a software company, but it’s now primarily seen as a bitcoin holding company.

*   **Twenty One Capital** was explicitly created to build a large bitcoin treasury as its core activity.

*   **Bitcoin ETFs (like BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust)** exist solely to hold bitcoin on behalf of investors.

So, these companies don’t use bitcoin as a side asset; they’re built around the idea of holding and growing bitcoin reserves.

**Why Companies Hold Bitcoin in Their Treasury**
------------------------------------------------

Companies add bitcoin to their reserves for several reasons. Each reason reflects both financial strategy and how they see the future of money.

****1\. Hedge Against Inflation and Currency Risks****

Traditional currencies lose value over time due to inflation and economic fluctuations. Bitcoin, on the other hand, has a fixed supply, which makes it attractive to companies that want to protect part of their capital from currency devaluation.

This is particularly relevant in times when interest rates are low, and the value of holding large amounts of cash is eroded by inflation. Several companies view bitcoin as a way to preserve their purchasing power over the long term.

****2\. Potential for Long-Term Capital Growth****

Bitcoin has shown significant price growth over the years, despite its volatility. Companies like Strategy (formerly MicroStrategy) have experienced substantial increases in their balance sheet value thanks to their bitcoin holdings.

For companies willing to take on the risk, holding bitcoin offers a chance to benefit from future price appreciation and increase shareholder value.

****3\. Diversification of Assets Beyond Fiat, Bonds, and Equities****

Relying too heavily on traditional assets can expose companies to market risks tied to those instruments.

By adding bitcoin to their reserves, firms introduce a non-correlated asset, one that doesn’t always move in the same direction as stocks or bonds. This diversification can make their overall financial position more resilient.

****4\. Brand Positioning and Innovation Appeal****

Holding bitcoin isn’t just a financial move; it also shapes how the public and investors view a company. Businesses that adopt bitcoin early are often seen as innovative and forward-thinking.

This can attract a new type of investor, strengthen the company’s brand, and generate media attention. For example, [Tesla’s announcement of Bitcoin purchases created global headlines and boosted its image as a tech pioneer](https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.cnbc.com/amp/2021/02/08/tesla-buys-1point5-billion-in-bitcoin.html).

**Major Companies Holding Bitcoin in 2025 (With Real Examples)**
----------------------------------------------------------------

A wide range of companies, from publicly traded firms to private businesses and even institutional entities, now hold bitcoin on their balance sheets as part of a strategic reserve. This isn’t a fringe move: it’s becoming mainstream across industries.

Let’s look at the latest figures on bitcoin holdings (mid‑2025) to understand how significant this trend has become.

**Company**

**Industry**

**BTC Held**

**Estimated Value (2025)**

**Notes**

**1\. Strategy (MicroStrategy)**

Software / Treasury firm

[628,791BTC](https://bitcointreasuries.net/?utm_source=)

$73 billion

Largest corporate holder (3% of supply)

**2\. Marathon Digital (MARA**)

Bitcoin mining

[50,000 BTC](https://bitcointreasuries.net/?utm_source=)

$5.7 billion

Mining-based treasury holdings

**3\. Twenty One Capital (XXI)**

Bitcoin-native treasury

[43,514BTC](https://bitcointreasuries.net/?utm_source=)

$5.15 billion

Backed by Tether/SoftBank, Jack Mallers’ firm

**4\. Trump Media & Technology (DJT)**

Trump Media & Technology (DJT)

[18,430 BTC](https://bitcointreasuries.net/?utm_source=)

$2 billion

Raised capital to build BTC reserves

**5\. Metaplanet Inc.**

Hospitality & crypto

[17,595 BTC](https://bitcointreasuries.net/?utm_source=)

$2 billion

“Bitcoin hotel” venture

**6\. Riot Platforms**

Bitcoin mining

[19,225 BTC](https://bitcointreasuries.net/?utm_source=)

$2.2 billion

Miner-turned-BTC treasury firm

**7\. CleanSpark**

Solar + mining

[12,608 BTC](https://bitcointreasuries.net/?utm_source=)

$1.45 billion

Energy-mining operations hold bitcoin

**8\. Coinbase**

Crypto exchange

[11,776 BTC](https://bitcointreasuries.net/?utm_source=)

$1.35 billion

Natural reserve for exchange operations

**9\. Tesla**

Electric vehicles

[11,509 BTC](https://bitcointreasuries.net/?utm_source=)

$1.32 billion

Strategic diversification into bitcoin

**10\. Hut 8 Mining Corp.**

Canadian mining company

[10,273 BTC](https://bitcointreasuries.net/?utm_source=)

$1.18 billion

Large miner holding bitcoin reserves

******Quick Analysis******

MicroStrategy (now Strategy) leads by a wide margin, holding nearly 3 % of the total bitcoin supply, valued at over $70 billion, clearly setting the tone in the corporate bitcoin narrative.

*   Mining companies like Marathon, Riot, CleanSpark, and Hut 8 naturally accumulate bitcoin through their operations, turning it into a treasury asset.

*   Bitcoin-native firms like Twenty One Capital (founded by Jack Mallers and backed by Tether/SoftBank) are explicitly built to hold bitcoin as their core business model.[
    ](https://treasuries.bitbo.io/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
*   Non-crypto businesses, such as Tesla and Metaplanet, use bitcoin as strategic diversification rather than core operations.

*   Trump Media represents a newer entrant that raised $2 billion specifically to build a bitcoin reserve, highlighting how media or thematic firms are entering this space.

**Publicly Traded Companies Actively Holding Bitcoin in 2025**
--------------------------------------------------------------

Publicly traded companies are businesses listed on stock exchanges that issue shares to the public. When these companies hold bitcoin in their treasuries, it’s a strategic decision that impacts not only their balance sheets but also their stock prices, since investors closely watch their exposure to bitcoin. Examples include;

****1\. MicroStrategy (Strategy)****

Leading the pack, this software company has transformed itself into a bitcoin treasury powerhouse. With over 628,000 BTC and billions in unrealized gains, it’s redefining what it means to be a public company in today’s bitcoin-infused economy.

****2\


Sazmining Sees $185k Invested In Equity Crowdfunding Round Through TimeStamp

Sazmining, the renewable-powered Bitcoin Mining-as-a-Service company, has attracted over $185,000 in crowd capital. The startup opened its equity…

[Sazmining](https://sazmining.com), the renewable-powered Bitcoin Mining-as-a-Service company, has attracted over $185,000 in crowd capital. The startup opened its equity crowdfunding campaign to the public on the bitcoin funding platform [Timestamp Financial](https://invest.timestampfinancial.com/offering/sazmining/details).

The firm seeks to complete a $618,000 in funding at a $30M valuation cap pre-money. The investment vehicle of choice is a SAFE note which will convert into equity later.

According to founder and CEO Kent Halliburton, the agreed pre-money valuation was determined by taking Sazmining’s proforma financial model projecting EBITDA for 2025 and multiplying it by an Enterprise Multiple. The enterprise multiple used was 75% of the average for AirBNB, Coinbase and MARA’s enterprise multiples.

The round gives anyone the chance to own a stake in Sazmining while supporting its mission: making Bitcoin mining decentralized, sustainable, and accessible.

**Why the Raise?**
------------------

Bitcoin adoption is accelerating, with governments and businesses building treasuries around it. Sazmining believes those treasuries should begin with bitcoin mined directly from the network, not coins bought through centralized exchanges.

“Mining is the most sovereign way to acquire bitcoin,” said Kent Halliburton, CEO and Co-Founder of Sazmining. “This raise allows more people to participate in that mission and benefit from the growth of the mining ecosystem.”

**Powered by Clean Energy**
---------------------------

All Sazmining operations run on renewable energy, with active sites across North and South America as well as Europe. The company has already shown 350% year-over-year growth and aims to use this raise to expand its reach even further.

**How to Participate**
----------------------

The crowdfunding campaign is open to the public and hosted by Timestamp:

[invest.timestampfinancial.com/offering/sazmining/details](https://invest.timestampfinancial.com/offering/sazmining/details)

For those who believe in decentralization, clean energy, and stacking sats the right way, this is the moment to get involved.


Why ParmanodL is the Best Choice for Your Bitcoin Node Setup

Running a node can be expensive, right? Imagine a computer with open-source bitcoin software pre-installed. Enter ParmanodL; this…

Running a node can be expensive, right? Imagine a computer with open-source bitcoin software pre-installed. Enter ParmanodL; this computer designed for running nodes is changing the game by making the intricacies of node set-up simple and way cheaper.

For most enthusiasts, setting up a [node](https://lightning.news/is-it-legal-to-operate-a-lightning-node/) can be costly due to:

**Hardware Requirements:** Storage of an entire copy of the Bitcoin block chain requires powerful hardware that is expensive both to purchase and maintain.

**Storage Costs:** The Bitcoin blockchain is large and consumes a lot of disk space that depending on the disk that is used this may accrue to very high charges.

**Technical Expertise:** Operating and maintaining a bitcoin node depends on certain exclusive technicalities that may warrant the contract of experts or professional technicians.

Why ParmanodL?
--------------

Designed for non-technical enthusiasts, the ParmanodL comes with an automated wizard and menu. No manual configuration is needed since the menus provide options where users can verify their bitcoin and bitcoin related transactions. The technology even goes further and automatically connects a node to your wallet once you set it up.

Tech bros fear not, ParmanodL has not left you behind. You can build your own ParmanodL from scratch. For those interested you could find out more [here](https://parmanode.com/). However, purchasing the already configured ParmanodL comes with a nice package. Included in the package is; the shipping cost, Raspberry Pi 4 ( with power supply), a [FLIRC](https://flirc.tv/products/flirc-raspberry-pi-4-case-silver?variant=43085036454120) aluminium case (Fanless and silent – uses metallic body as heat sink to cool the device).

That’s not all, the ParamnodL comes with a 1TB external SSD (optional upgrade to 2 TB) drive and guess what? Direct line customer support to the brains behind ParmanodL technology, [Mr. Parman](https://armantheparman.com/about-contact/)( email, twitter and telegram). That’s not all, Arman also offers real time guidance through videos to first time users. A lightning node can also be provided upon request.

ParmanodL’s setup distinguishes itself as the best out of other nodes for the following good reasons. It is created with the emphasis on the simplicity of use, so the essence of its functions is comprehensible to ordinary users. For those ready to enhance their bitcoin experience with a reliable node setup, you can purchase the ParmanodL directly [here](https://parmanode.com/buyparmanodl/).


Financial experts warn that yields on stablecoins could trigger a massive outflow of capital from traditional banks. The post Stablecoin yields: Citigroup warns of the risk of a bank deposit exodus appeared first on Atlas21.

**_Financial experts warn that yields on stablecoins could trigger a massive outflow of capital from traditional banks._**
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

According to a **Citigroup** executive, the introduction of **stablecoin yields** could spark a large-scale flight of deposits from banks, echoing what happened in the 1980s with money market funds.

On August 25, **Ronit Ghose**, head of Citi’s Future of Finance, published a report equating the potential outflows caused by stablecoin yields with the boom in money market funds in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as [reported](https://www.ft.com/content/7c4746d7-02e8-4c60-a96c-b51eb21a7bf1) by the _Financial Times_.

During that period, money market funds grew exponentially from about **$4 billion** in 1975 to **$235 billion** in 1982, surpassing banks whose deposit rates were tightly regulated. Federal Reserve [data](https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/glass-steagall-act) shows that withdrawals from bank accounts exceeded new deposits by **$32 billion** between 1981 and 1982.

### **The impact of stablecoins on funding costs**

**Sean** **Viergutz**, leader of banking and capital markets advisory at **PwC**, shared concerns about stablecoin yields. According to him, a shift by consumers toward high-yield stablecoins could create serious challenges for the banking sector.

_“Banks may face higher funding costs by relying more on wholesale markets or raising deposit rates, which could make credit more expensive for households and businesses,”_ Viergutz said.

### **The regulatory battle**

The **GENIUS Act** prohibits stablecoin issuers from offering interest to holders but does not extend this ban to exchanges or affiliated businesses. This regulatory framework has sparked a strong reaction from the banking industry.

Several U.S. banking associations, led by the Bank Policy Institute, have urged local regulators to close what they describe as a loophole that could indirectly allow stablecoin issuers to pay yields.

In a recent letter, the organization argued that this alleged regulatory gap could disrupt the flow of credit to U.S. businesses and households, potentially triggering deposit outflows of **$6.6 trillion** from the traditional banking system.

### **The crypto industry’s response**

The digital asset industry has not remained silent in the face of banks’ concerns. Two sector organizations have urged lawmakers to reject proposals aimed at closing the so-called _“yield loophole.”_

They warned that such regulatory changes would tilt the playing field in favor of traditional banks, stifling innovation and consumer choice in the stablecoin sector.

The post [Stablecoin yields: Citigroup warns of the risk of a bank deposit exodus](https://atlas21.com/stablecoin-yields-citigroup-warns-of-the-risk-of-a-bank-deposit-exodus/) appeared first on [Atlas21](https://atlas21.com).


The country’s bitcoin reserves come mainly from mining operations, not from seizures as initially speculated. The post UAE holds $700 million in bitcoin from mining appeared first on Atlas21.

**_The country’s bitcoin reserves come mainly from mining operations, not from seizures as initially speculated._**
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

According to an [analysis](https://x.com/arkham/status/1960002768703270959) conducted by blockchain analytics platform **Arkham Intelligence**, the **United Arab Emirates** (UAE) owns around **$700 million** in bitcoin. This sum was accumulated primarily through mining activities.

> BREAKING: THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES IS NOW ON ARKHAM
>
> The UAE’s $700M BTC holdings are now labeled on Arkham. These holdings come from Bitcoin mining operations carried out by Citadel, a public mining company majority owned by UAE Royal Group through IHC.
>
> Arkham is the first to… [pic.twitter.com/eIGut5pJXN](https://t.co/eIGut5pJXN)
>
> — Arkham (@arkham) [August 25, 2025](https://twitter.com/arkham/status/1960002768703270959?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)

Unlike other nations such as the **United States** and the **United Kingdom**, the UAE’s bitcoins do not come from the confiscation of criminal assets. Arkham Intelligence revealed in a post on X that the government’s wallets contain roughly **6,300 BTC**, all obtained through legitimate mining operations.

The main source of these bitcoins is **Citadel Mining**, a company **85%** owned by **2pointzero**, which in turn belongs to International Holding Company (IHC). IHC is **61%** owned by **UAE Royal Group**, a conglomerate controlled by **Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed Al Nahyan**, a member of Abu Dhabi’s royal family.

In total, Arkham estimates that through Citadel, the Emirates have mined approximately 9,300 BTC over the course of their operations.

According to **BitBo** [data](https://bitbo.io/treasuries/countries/), with these recently confirmed reserves the UAE ranks sixth among state-level bitcoin holders, behind Bhutan (10,565 BTC) and ahead of El Salvador (6,280 BTC).

BitBo estimates that governments collectively hold around **517,000 BTC**, representing **2.4%** of total supply with a value exceeding **$56 billion.**

The post [UAE holds $700 million in bitcoin from mining](https://atlas21.com/uae-holds-700-million-in-bitcoin-from-mining/) appeared first on [Atlas21](https://atlas21.com).