> !['The Lightning Network' Does Not Exist](https://www.discreetlog.com/content/images/2023/03/lightningnetwork.webp)
>
> The former seems to have found solid product market fit. Expect significant volume, adoption, and usage going forward.
>
> The latter's future remains to be seen. Dependence on Tor, which has had massive reliability issues, and lack of strong privacy guarantees put it at risk.
>
> — ODELL (@ODELL) [October 27, 2022](https://twitter.com/ODELL/status/1585633149815377922?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref=discreetlog.com)

**The Basics**

*   Lightning is a protocol that enables cheap and fast native bitcoin transactions.
*   At the core of the protocol is the ability for bitcoin users to create a payment channel with another user.
*   These payment channels enable users to make many bitcoin transactions between each other with only two on-chain bitcoin transactions: the channel open transaction and the channel close transaction.
*   Essentially lightning is a protocol for interoperable batched bitcoin transactions.
*   It is expected that on chain [bitcoin transaction fees will increase](https://www.discreetlog.com/utxos/) with adoption and the ability to easily batch transactions will save users significant money.
*   As these lightning transactions are processed, liquidity flows from one side of a channel to the other side, on chain transactions are signed by both parties but not broadcasted to update this balance.
*   Lightning is designed to be trust minimized, either party in a payment channel can close the channel at any time and their bitcoin will be settled on chain without trusting the other party.

**There is no 'Lightning Network'**

*   Many people refer to the aggregate of all lightning channels as 'The Lightning Network' but this is a false premise.
*   There are many lightning channels between many different users and funds can flow across interconnected channels as long as there is a route through peers.
*   If a lightning transaction requires multiple hops it will flow through multiple interconnected channels, adjusting the balance of all channels along the route, and paying lightning transaction fees that are set by each node on the route.

**Example:** You have a channel with Bob. Bob has a channel with Charlie. You can pay Charlie through your channel with Bob and Bob's channel with User C.

*   As a result, it is not guaranteed that every lightning user can pay every other lightning user, they must have a route of interconnected channels between sender and receiver.

**Lightning in Practice**

*   Lightning has already found product market fit and usage as an interconnected payment protocol between large professional custodians.
*   They are able to easily manage channels and liquidity between each other without trust using this interoperable protocol.
*   Lightning payments between large custodians are fast and easy. End users do not have to run their own node or manage their channels and liquidity. These payments rarely fail due to professional management of custodial nodes.
*   The tradeoff is one inherent to custodians and other trusted third parties. Custodial wallets can steal funds and compromise user privacy.

**Sovereign Lightning**

*   Trusted third parties are [security holes](https://nakamotoinstitute.org/trusted-third-parties/?ref=discreetlog.com).
*   Users must run their own node and manage their own channels in order to use lightning without trusting a third party. This remains the single largest friction point for sovereign lightning usage: the mental burden of actively running a lightning node and associated liquidity management.
*   Bitcoin development prioritizes node accessibility so cost to self host your own node is low but if a node is run at home or office, Tor or a VPN is recommended to mask your IP address: otherwise it is visible to the entire network and represents a privacy risk.
*   This privacy risk is heightened due to the potential for certain governments to go after sovereign lightning users and compel them to shutdown their nodes. If their IP Address is exposed they are easier to target.
*   Fortunately the tools to run and manage nodes continue to get easier but it is important to understand that this will always be a friction point when compared to custodial services.

**The Potential Fracture of Lightning**

*   Any lightning user can choose which users are allowed to open channels with them.
*   One potential is that professional custodians only peer with other professional custodians.
*   We already see nodes like those run by CashApp only have channels open with other regulated counterparties. This could be due to performance goals, liability reduction, or regulatory pressure.

[!['The Lightning Network' Does Not Exist](https://www.discreetlog.com/content/images/2023/03/cashapp-2.webp)](https://mempool.space/lightning/node/02e1221434a21b8ce5818e92c6ec76301824dc87ed94b4628242e4b1f4a6ff445f?ref=discreetlog.com)

*   Fortunately some of their peers are connected to non-regulated parties so payments to and from sovereign lightning users are still successfully processed by CashApp but this may not always be the case going forward.

**Summary**

*   Many people refer to the aggregate of all lightning channels as 'The Lightning Network' but this is a false premise. There is no singular 'Lightning Network' but rather many payment channels between distinct peers, some connected with each other and some not.
*   Lightning as an interoperable payment protocol between professional custodians seems to have found solid product market fit. Expect significant volume, adoption, and usage going forward.
*   Lightning as a robust sovereign payment protocol has yet to be battle tested. Heavy reliance on Tor, which has had massive reliability issues, the friction of active liquidity management, significant on chain fee burden for small amounts, interactivity constraints on mobile, and lack of strong privacy guarantees put it at risk.

* * *

_If you have never used lightning before, use_ [_this guide_](https://werunbtc.com/phoenix?ref=discreetlog.com) _to get started on your phone._

* * *

**_If you found this post helpful support my work with_** [**_bitcoin_**](https://geyser.fund/project/citadel?ref=discreetlog.com)**_._**

!['The Lightning Network' Does Not Exist](https://werunbtc.com/donate.png)


tags: Rebuttal: Earthjustice report on Bitcoin Mining, Feb 2025

tags: Original report: https://earthjustice.org/experts/mandy-deroche/how-much-do-we-subsidize-cryptocurrency-minings-electricity-use-no-one-knows This post argues that Earthjustice’s latest report on Bitcoin mining is significantly disconnected from both the scientific consensus and real-world evidence. By failing to engage with the latest research and developments, Earthjustice risks undermining efforts to leverage Bitcoin mining as a tool that benefits the environmental across a range of metrics. This rebuttal examines the inaccuracies in their report and highlights the growing body of evidence supporting Bitcoin mining’s environmental benefits. For context: in recent times, Bitcoin has emerged as arguably the most important form of climatetech in enabling not one but four critical areas of climate justice. A large volume of peer reviewed research now confirms what Bitcoin mining companies, grid operators, energy experts, and the Bitcoin mining industry have been saying for some time: Bitcoin mining is essential to progress on these four critical areas 1. Remove bottlenecks to getting more renewable energy onto the grid 2. Replace Fossil fuel based heat with electrically based heat 3. Increase the speed and profitability of R&D into new renewable energy projects 4. Urgently end three carbon-intensive practices (gas peaker plant proliferation, natural gas flaring, venting of landfill gas) source These are no longer theoretical benefits, as they were when Earthjustice first started reporting on Bitcoin mining: Finland is now supplying 2% of all district heat through recycled Bitcoin mining heat, replacing fossil fuel-dependent sources such as the burning of coal and peat. 29 Bitcoin mining operations use carbon negative sources such as flared gas or landfill gas for power. OTEC, a forgotten form of renewable energy has had a new lease of life. Finally, since Bitcoin mining moved onto the Texas grid, blackouts have been prevented, $18Billion of new gas peaker plant costs were averted, inflation adjusted electricity prices were kept stable (a rare phenomenon for jurisdictions with rapidly increasing renewable penetration), while solar/wind rose from 80 GW to 130 GW of generation capacity. source Heat recycled from Bitcoin mining rigs running on Finland’s 92% fossil-free grid is increasingly replacing 54.6% fossil-fuel dependent existing district heating sources in Finland The world has changed, leaving Earthjustice behind Earthjustice published their first anti-Bitcoin report in 2022. Since then, the world of Bitcoin mining has fundamentally changed in five major ways: 1. Scientific community puts its weight behind Bitcoin mining’s environmental benefits Bitcoin mining has been shown to accelerate the renewable energy transition (Lal et al, 2023) obviate the need for gas peaker plants (Bruno et al, 2023) stabilize the grid (Rudd et al, 2023) halve the payback time for solar farms (Hakimi et al, 2024) accelerate renewable microgrid development (Moghimi et al 2024) reduce methane emissions from landfills (Sechrest et al, 2024) avert the need for expensive grid upgrades (Norris et al, 2025) with 14 out of the last 16 peer reviewed papers on Bitcoin and energy (87.5%) showing clear positive environmental externalities. 2. Sustainability media gets behind Bitcoin mining’s environmental benefits Of the ten climate-focused media that are commenting on Bitcoin mining and energy, nine of them found strong environmental benefits (90%). 3. 180° turnaround in mainstream media reporting on Bitcoin mining Of the 14 media outlets still covering Bitcoin and energy, 12 are covering Bitcoin’s environmental benefits (85.7%) 4. Bitcoin’s sustainable energy proportion has increased from 49.1% to 56.7% source: Digital Assets Research Institute 5. Source findings of Earthjustice’s 2022 report debunked The work of Alex de Vries and authors who relied on his findings, which formed the basis of Earthjustice’s 2022 findings, has been discredited due to fundamental flaws in both data-gathering techniques and methodology. source: Sai & Vranken, 2023 Earthjustice has responded by spreading even more misinformation Earthjuistice has not revisited their 2022 position on Bitcoin mining. Rather, their approach mirrors tactics that disregard scientific consensus, which is concerning given the volume of peer-reviewed research supporting Bitcoin mining’s environmental benefits. They have either ignored the scientific consensus, or dismissed the entire body of research as being the work of “vest interest groups” But not only has Earthjustice ignored the undisputed evidence of Bitcoin mining’s environmental benefits, they have put out more misinformation. The misinformation in Earthjustice’s 2025 report falls into three categories The very widely debunked claim that Bitcoin mining destabilizes grids The more recently debunked claim that Bitcoin mining increases power prices The more recently debunked claim that Bitcoin mining does not offer community benefits Let’s address each in turn. 1. Bitcoin and grid stability This claim demonstrates considerable ignorance about the large body of evidence showing that Bitcoin mining stabilizes grids. The claim also reveals a severe lack of awareness about what Earthjustice’s peers in the environmental movement have been writing in climate media for some time. The key point is: Bitcoin does not destabilize grids. In fact, a mountain of peer-reviewed and real-world evidence shows that Bitcoin mining stabilizes grids, enabling grid operators to integrate higher concentrations of variable renewable energy. For example: Lai et al states that Bitcoin mining can “balance the electrical grid”. source Ibañez et al concludes “PoW mining emerges as an alternative that can provide additional income and ancillary services (auxiliary services designed to provide stability to the energy grid)”. source Menati et al found that “the flexibility of cryptocurrency mining loads plays a pivotal role in the reliability of electricity systems and the stability of electricity markets” and “cryptocurrency mining …is shown not to be detrimental to power grid reliability even with significant amounts at certain locations.” source A whitepaper from Energy Experts at Duke University concluded that Controllable Load Resources (aka: Bitcoin mining) help to stabilize grids, and decarbonize grids. source These findings correspond precisely to Texas’ grid operators own direct observations. “[Bitcoin mining operations] have found a way to come into the market and take some of that excess wind in offpeak periods. Then it can turn down whenever we need the power for other customers… And if a generator trips off line can very quickly respond to that frequency disruption and allow us to balance our grid more efficiently.” source: Brad Jones, Former Interim CEO, ERCOT. The early misinformation that bitcoin destabilizes grids is rarely recycled any more, with both mainstream and sustainability-focsed journalists increasingly reporting on how Bitcoin mining in fact has a stabilizing impact on Grids. 2. Bitcoin and electricity prices The Earthjustice report shows an eye-opening level of naivety about the relationship between Bitcoin mining electricity prices and the cost that other users pay for electricity, the argument basically runs like this “We found out that Bitcoin miners pay a low cost for electricity, so we postulate that this means other users are subsidizing them.” To anyone with a basic understanding of wholesale electricity markets, this demonstrates the risks of non-domain experts commenting outside their area of expertise. Not only is there no evidence, either real-world or in the academic literature for this claim, but there is a significant body of evidence to the contrary. For example, Brad Jones, Former CEO of Texas’ grid ERCOT observed that by creating a more competitive market for ancillary services and by finding a home for otherwise wasted wind energy, Bitcoin was “helping keep the cost of electricity low for all Texans” In September 2024, Norwegian residents realized that Bitcoin mining had for years been keeping their power prices 20% lower. After the Bitcoin mining operation left the grid, their prices instantly increased to meet the revenue shortfall. As for the claim “There are other types of Demand Response. We don’t need Bitcoin” As energy expert Tom Algie puts it “Turning off and providing demand response isn’t straightforward. Compensation for traditional DR assets; steel works, aluminium smelters etc, is astronomical. Bitcoin mining revenue is on par with electricity prices, so we don’t need much additional incentive to turn off. This coupled with the ability to be located anywhere, the Bitcoin mining load is one of the most cost effective ways to provide DR, FCAS and System Strength services. It also incentivises overbuild of renewables. Bitcoin miners are also building plenty of energy assets globally.” Further, Inflation-adjusted figures show no statistically significant rise or fall in either electricity or gas prices since Bitcoin mining came onto the ERCOT grid in Texas, giving support for ERCOT CEO Brad Jones’ observation that Bitcoin mining in fact “Helped keep the price of power low for all Texans.” The claim therefore seems to be a false attribution of the impact of high inflation from 2021-2023, to Bitcoin mining. There are now not one but five ways that Bitcoin mining has been shown to keep residential power prices low Creating a more competitive market for Demand Response services (Mitch Klee) Providing more revenue to the grid operators, thereby decreasing the cost burden to other users (Dan Roberts) Reducing costly curtailment payouts to VRE generators (MARA) Helping grid operators to delay the need for cost-prohibitive grid upgrades (Norris et al) Obviating the need for multi-billion dollar Gas peaker plant investment (Rian Dewhurst) Earthjustice’s habit of indulging in domain-naive speculative inference over consulting the existing large body of literature on Bitcoin mining should be viewed as a red flag to environmentalists, policymakers, regulators and others in the climate industry. All should give Earthjustice’s articles on Bitcoin mining a wide berth until there is a substantial improvement in their awareness of both the domain, and the prior body of literature germane to the subject they are addressing. 3. Bitcoin and community benefits While Earthjustice claims that Bitcoin mining fails to deliver significant community benefits, evidence from the Perryman Group and testimonials from local officials like Mayor Ward Roddam of Rockdale, Texas, demonstrate the opposite. Perryman’s report found that in the US alone, Bitcoin mining has created 31,000 jobs brought $4.1 billion in annual U.S. gross product helped stabilize the grid while offering a range of other direct community benefits Community benefits were found to be significant, and included strengthening local public services boosting school funding improving community well-being expanding career opportunities in high-tech fields Improving community infrastructure In Rockdale, one of the major Bitcoin mining hubs in Texas, the mayor confirmed these benefits were being observed: “Bitcoin miners are deeply invested in the communities where they work. [They] are among the largest taxpayers in … our local school district. These companies donate to local causes, including scholarships, police and fire departments, youth sports and … community events.” ~ Ward Roddam. Mayor, Rockdale Conclusion In this paper, two lawyers from Earthjustice have advanced the implausible theory that they know more about community impacts of Bitcoin mining than the residents and mayor of the town of Rockdale benefitted, more about the grid stabilization impacts of Bitcoin than five separate teams of energy experts who published peer reviewed research on this subject, and more about the impact of Bitcoin on cost to other grid users than the Grid operator himself. They have ignored the scientific consensus, the environmental consensus and even the media reporting in the liberal media on Bitcoin mining. While the Earthjustice report of 2022 was arguably forgivable, as none of these five shifts had occurred in our understanding of Bitcoin mining, to write such a report in 2025 reflects a lack of engagement with recent research and real-world evidence, which calls into question its credibility on this issue. But Earthjustice’s report is not just misguided, its irresponsible. As a climatetech investor, I am continually looking for landfill operators where bitcoin mining operations can be set up, because bitcoin mining is usually the only way to profitably mitigate landfill gas methane (a horrendous greenhouse gas). We face considerable pushback on an almost daily basis because landfill owners have read factually incorrect accounts of bitcoin mining’s environmental impact. Such uncritical appraisals slow down our efforts to mitigate methane. I also travel around the world encouraging renewable operators to use bitcoin mining for their otherwise wasted renewable energy, so that they can become more profitable, and pour that profit back into expanding their renewable operation faster. Unfortunately, my efforts to do this are severely compromised by the misinformation they have heard about Bitcoin mining that was circulated widely by Alex de Vries from 2018-2022, and which unfortunately you are still recirculating, and which despite your good intentions actually slow down the efforts of those seeking pragmatic solutions to advancing the green energy transition. By promoting misinformation, Earthjustice risks delaying the adoption of innovative solutions like Bitcoin mining, which have been shown to accelerate the transition to renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Specifically, they risk delaying the point at which we will be able to phase out gas peaker plants, while increasing the chances that retail users of electricity will have to pay a premium for their power. It is important that anyone who chances upon Earthjustice’s report should know that they are an outlier in the environmental movement in that they are still publishing misinformation on Bitcoin mining in 2025. We urge Earthjustice to revisit its stance on Bitcoin mining in light of the latest scientific research and real-world evidence. By doing so, they can align their advocacy with the most effective strategies for achieving climate justice.

content:
Original report: [https://earthjustice.org/experts/mandy-deroche/how-much-do-we-subsidize-cryptocurrency-minings-electricity-use-no-one-knows](https://earthjustice.org/experts/mandy-deroche/how-much-do-we-subsidize-cryptocurrency-minings-electricity-use-no-one-knows)

This post argues that Earthjustice’s latest report on Bitcoin mining is significantly disconnected from both the scientific consensus and real-world evidence. By failing to engage with the latest research and developments, Earthjustice risks undermining efforts to leverage Bitcoin mining as a tool that benefits the environmental across a range of metrics. This rebuttal examines the inaccuracies in their report and highlights the growing body of evidence supporting Bitcoin mining’s environmental benefits.

For context: in recent times, Bitcoin has emerged as arguably the most important form of climatetech in enabling not one but four critical areas of climate justice. A large volume of peer reviewed research now confirms what Bitcoin mining companies, grid operators, energy experts, and the Bitcoin mining industry have been saying for some time: Bitcoin mining is essential to progress on these four critical areas

**1\. Remove bottlenecks to getting more renewable energy onto the grid**

**2\. Replace Fossil fuel based heat with electrically based heat**

**3\. Increase the speed and profitability of R&D into new renewable energy projects**

**4\. Urgently end three carbon-intensive practices** (gas peaker plant proliferation, natural gas flaring, venting of landfill gas)

[source](https://batcoinz.com/why-climate-action-doesnt-just-benefit-from-bitcoin-mining-it-requires-it/)

These are no longer theoretical benefits, as they were when Earthjustice first started reporting on Bitcoin mining:

Finland is now supplying [2% of all district heat](https://x.com/DSBatten/status/1872740512555315559) through recycled Bitcoin mining heat, replacing fossil fuel-dependent sources such as the burning of coal and peat. 29 Bitcoin mining operations use carbon negative sources such as flared gas or landfill gas for power. OTEC, a forgotten form of renewable energy has had a new lease of life. Finally, since Bitcoin mining moved onto the Texas grid, blackouts have been prevented, $18Billion of new gas peaker plant costs were averted, inflation adjusted electricity prices were kept stable (a rare phenomenon for jurisdictions with rapidly increasing renewable penetration), while solar/wind rose from 80 GW to 130 GW of generation capacity.

[source](https://batcoinz.com/why-climate-action-doesnt-just-benefit-from-bitcoin-mining-it-requires-it/)

![](https://batcoinz.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screen-Shot-2025-02-23-at-8.56.17-PM-1024x726.png)

Heat recycled from Bitcoin mining rigs running on [Finland’s 92% fossil-free grid](https://www.treasuryfinland.fi/investor-relations/sustainability-and-finnish-government-bonds/data-and-facts-energy-transition/#:~:text=Finland's%20energy%20mix%20is%20well,second%20highest%20in%20the%20EU.) is increasingly
replacing [54.6% fossil-fuel dependent](https://www.statista.com/statistics/660023/finland-type-of-fuels-used-for-district-heating/) existing district heating sources in Finland

The world has changed, leaving Earthjustice behind
--------------------------------------------------

Earthjustice published their first anti-Bitcoin report in 2022. Since then, the world of Bitcoin mining has fundamentally changed in five major ways:

**1\. Scientific community puts its weight behind Bitcoin mining’s environmental benefits**

Bitcoin mining has been shown to

*   accelerate the renewable energy transition ([Lal et al](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05445), 2023)
*   obviate the need for gas peaker plants ([Bruno et al](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928765523000313), 2023)
*   stabilize the grid ([Rudd et al](https://www.mdpi.com/2078-1547/14/4/47), 2023)
*   halve the payback time for solar farms ([Hakimi et al](https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440\(24\)15796-9), 2024)
*   accelerate renewable microgrid development ([Moghimi et al](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524001364) 2024)
*   reduce methane emissions from landfills ([Sechrest et al](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652624029652?via%3Dihub), 2024)
*   avert the need for expensive [grid upgrades](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/danielsbatten_waited-34-months-for-this-moment-in-march-activity-7296373253453819905-Y2SK?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAAAAOueQB3LYz-BPTBFwVPl9wJVYdGJiKUow) ([Norris et al](https://nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/sites/default/files/publications/rethinking-load-growth.pdf), 2025)

with [14 out of the last 16](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/danielsbatten_from-mining-to-mitigation-how-bitcoin-can-activity-7280429495679963136-2E-q?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAAAAOueQB3LYz-BPTBFwVPl9wJVYdGJiKUow) peer reviewed papers on Bitcoin and energy (87.5%) showing clear positive environmental externalities.

**2\. Sustainability media gets behind Bitcoin mining’s environmental benefits**

Of the ten climate-focused media that are commenting on Bitcoin mining and energy, [nine of them](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/danielsbatten_bitcoin-miner-mara-buying-114-mw-wind-farm-activity-7280432749180559360-AaWO/) found strong environmental benefits (90%).

**3\. 180° turnaround in mainstream media reporting on Bitcoin mining**

Of the 14 media outlets still covering Bitcoin and energy, [12 are covering](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/danielsbatten_why-bitcoin-is-key-to-the-future-of-finance-activity-7278907968035700737-9IwO?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAAAAOueQB3LYz-BPTBFwVPl9wJVYdGJiKUow) Bitcoin’s environmental benefits (85.7%)

**4\. Bitcoin’s sustainable energy proportion has increased from 49.1% to 56.7%**

source: D[igital Assets Research Institute](https://woocharts.com/esg-bitcoin-mining-sustainability/)

![](https://batcoinz.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screen-Shot-2025-02-23-at-4.14.23-PM-1024x638.png)

**5\. Source findings of Earthjustice’s 2022 report debunked**

The work of Alex de Vries and authors who relied on his findings, which formed the basis of Earthjustice’s 2022 findings, has been discredited due to fundamental flaws in both data-gathering techniques and methodology.

source: [Sai & Vranken](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096720923000441?via%3Dihub), 2023

Earthjustice has responded by spreading even more misinformation
----------------------------------------------------------------

Earthjuistice has not revisited their 2022 position on Bitcoin mining. Rather, their approach mirrors tactics that disregard scientific consensus, which is concerning given the volume of peer-reviewed research supporting Bitcoin mining’s environmental benefits. They have either ignored the scientific consensus, or dismissed the entire body of research as being the work of “vest interest groups”

But not only has Earthjustice ignored the undisputed evidence of Bitcoin mining’s environmental benefits, they have put out more misinformation.

The misinformation in Earthjustice’s 2025 report falls into three categories

1.  The very widely debunked claim that Bitcoin mining destabilizes grids
2.  The more recently debunked claim that Bitcoin mining increases power prices
3.  The more recently debunked claim that Bitcoin mining does not offer community benefits

Let’s address each in turn.

### 1\. Bitcoin and grid stability

This claim demonstrates considerable ignorance about the large body of evidence showing that Bitcoin mining stabilizes grids. The claim also reveals a severe lack of awareness about what Earthjustice’s peers in the environmental movement have been writing in climate media for some time.

The key point is: Bitcoin does not destabilize grids. In fact, a mountain of peer-reviewed and real-world evidence shows that Bitcoin mining stabilizes grids, enabling grid operators to integrate higher concentrations of variable renewable energy.

For example:

1.  [Lai et al](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05445) states that Bitcoin mining can “balance the electrical grid”. [source](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05445)
2.  [Ibañez et al](https://www.mdpi.com/2078-1547/14/3/35) concludes “PoW mining emerges as an alternative that can provide additional income and ancillary services (auxiliary services designed to provide stability to the energy grid)”. [source](https://www.mdpi.com/2078-1547/14/3/35)
3.  [Menati et al](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266679242300015X) found that “the flexibility of cryptocurrency mining loads plays a pivotal role in the reliability of electricity systems and the stability of electricity markets” and “cryptocurrency mining …is shown not to be detrimental to power grid reliability even with significant amounts at certain locations.” [source](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266679242300015X)
4.  A whitepaper from Energy Experts at Duke University concluded that Controllable Load Resources (aka: Bitcoin mining) help to [stabilize grids](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/danielsbatten_waited-34-months-for-this-moment-in-march-activity-7296373253453819905-Y2SK?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAAAAOueQB3LYz-BPTBFwVPl9wJVYdGJiKUow), and decarbonize grids. [source](https://nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/sites/default/files/publications/rethinking-load-growth.pdf)
5.  These findings correspond precisely to Texas’ grid operators own direct observations.

###### **“\[Bitcoin mining operations\] have found a way to come into the market and take some of that excess wind in offpeak periods. Then it can turn down whenever we need the power for other customers… And if a generator trips off line can very quickly respond to that frequency disruption and allow us to balance our grid mor


tags: Bitcoin Magazine Trump White House Could Soon Pardon Former Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao: FOX People close to Changpeng Zhao, the former CEO of Binance better known as ‘CZ,’ say discussions are intensifying inside the Trump White House over whether to issue a presidential pardon for the embattled crypto executive, according to reporting from Charles Gasparino, a Senior Correspondent at FOX Business. Zhao, once among the most influential figures in the digital asset world, served time following a plea deal with the U.S. Department of Justice in 2023 that included a money-laundering conviction and $4.3 billion in fines for Binance. But according to several sources familiar with the matter, many within Trump’s inner circle now view the case as politically motivated — a hallmark of what they describe as the Biden administration’s broader crackdown on crypto. Zhao remains Binance’s largest individual shareholder, and a pardon could clear the way for his formal return to the exchange, which he founded in 2017 and grew into the world’s largest Bitcoin and crypto trading platform. Speculation of a Trump pardon has been looming for most of this year, but the decision is reportedly coming soon. CZ background Zhao’s 2023 conviction marked one of the most high-profile cases in the government’s campaign against major exchanges. U.S. prosecutors accused Binance of allowing illicit transactions with sanctioned entities and failing to implement proper anti-money-laundering controls. CZ pleaded guilty, stepped down as CEO, and paid a personal fine of $50 million. Zhao served a four-month prison sentence. He was sentenced in April 2024 and released in September 2024, after spending time in a low-security federal prison in California and then a halfway house. Despite this, even critics of Binance have questioned whether the criminal charges were proportionate. Trump’s team reportedly sees Zhao’s situation as an opportunity to demonstrate a “new era” of crypto policy — one that favors innovation over punishment. A decision could come before year’s end, but Trump’s attention is divided between foreign policy flashpoints — including conflicts in Gaza, Ukraine, and renewed trade tensions with China — and that clemency discussions often take longer than expected, according to Gasparino. For now, the crypto world is watching closely. A Trump pardon for CZ would mark not only a personal vindication for Zhao, but also be somewhat of a political statement: Trump signaling that the world’s most powerful government is truly open for Bitcoin business. This post Trump White House Could Soon Pardon Former Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao: FOX first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Micah Zimmerman.

content:
[Bitcoin Magazine](https://bitcoinmagazine.com)
![](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Trump-White-House-Could-Soon-Pardon-Former-Binance-CEO-Changpeng-Zhao-FOX.jpg)
[Trump White House Could Soon Pardon Former Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao: FOX](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/trump-white-house-could-soon-pardon-former-binance-ceo-changpeng-zhao-fox)

People close to Changpeng Zhao, the former CEO of Binance better known as ‘CZ,’ say discussions are intensifying inside the Trump White House over whether to issue a presidential pardon for the embattled crypto executive, according to [reporting](https://x.com/CGasparino/status/1976739639684653313) from Charles Gasparino, a Senior Correspondent at FOX Business.

Zhao, once among the most influential figures in the digital asset world, served time following a [plea deal](https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/binance-and-ceo-plead-guilty-federal-charges-4b-resolution) with the U.S. Department of Justice in 2023 that included a money-laundering conviction and $4.3 billion in fines for Binance.

But according to several sources familiar with the matter, many within Trump’s inner circle now view the case as politically motivated — a hallmark of what they describe as the [Biden administration’s broader crackdown on crypto](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/president-bidens-executive-order-on-bitcoin).

Zhao remains Binance’s largest individual shareholder, and a pardon could [clear the way](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/legal/binance-ceo-changpeng-zhao-pleads-guilty-steps-down) for his formal return to the exchange, which he founded in 2017 and grew into the world’s largest Bitcoin and crypto trading platform.

Speculation of a Trump pardon [has been looming](https://crypto.news/trump-family-in-talks-for-binance-stake-amid-push-for-cz-pardon-wsj/) for most of this year, but the decision is reportedly coming soon.

CZ background
-------------

Zhao’s 2023 conviction marked one of the most high-profile cases in the government’s campaign against major exchanges.

U.S. prosecutors accused Binance of allowing illicit transactions with sanctioned entities and failing to implement proper anti-money-laundering controls. CZ [pleaded](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/legal/binance-ceo-changpeng-zhao-pleads-guilty-steps-down) guilty, stepped down as CEO, and paid a personal fine of $50 million.

Zhao served a four-month prison sentence. He was sentenced in April 2024 and released in September 2024, after spending time in a low-security federal prison in California and then a halfway house.

Despite this, even critics of Binance have questioned whether the criminal charges were proportionate. Trump’s team reportedly sees Zhao’s situation as an opportunity to demonstrate a “new era” of crypto policy — one that favors innovation over punishment.

A decision could come before year’s end, but Trump’s attention is divided between foreign policy flashpoints — including conflicts in Gaza, Ukraine, and [renewed trade tensions](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/bitcoin-price-sinks-to-118000) with China — and that clemency discussions often take longer than expected, according to Gasparino.

For now, the crypto world is watching closely. A Trump pardon for CZ would mark not only a personal vindication for Zhao, but also be somewhat of a political statement: Trump signaling that the world’s most powerful government is truly open for Bitcoin business.

This post [Trump White House Could Soon Pardon Former Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao: FOX](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/trump-white-house-could-soon-pardon-former-binance-ceo-changpeng-zhao-fox) first appeared on [Bitcoin Magazine](https://bitcoinmagazine.com) and is written by [Micah Zimmerman](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/authors/micahzimmerman).


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EMFs are MUCH EASIER and way more ACCURATELY trackable/assessable than MOLD

All of that MOLD testing is basically a complete fucking shitshow and not very different from reading tea leaves

And then a high EMF environment actually can lead to excessive mold overgrowth


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Alive and kicking


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Primal has some decent features if you’re to Nostr, but once the onboarding is done you may find yourself looking around and asking yourself,”this is it?”.

One big difference, YakiHonne offers a built in wallet without KYC (still not sure why they thought that would be a good idea).

No subscription necessary to gain extra features and no cheesy declaration of how long you have been subscribing or how much you have spent on supporting them, that only other primal users can see.

But for me, there is one feature that truly stands out, the team. You won’t find a nicer team to support and they genuinely seem to enjoy making the experience as enjoyable as possible and aren’t concerned with becoming #nostrfamous.


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#memestr

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> ![Money Without Trust](https://www.discreetlog.com/content/images/2023/03/rdogs.webp)
>
> Bank run on every crypto bank then bank run on every "real" bank.
>
> — ODELL (@ODELL) [December 14, 2022](https://twitter.com/ODELL/status/1602838429447999491?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref=discreetlog.com)

The four main banks of bitcoin and “crypto” are Signature, Prime Trust, Silvergate, and Silicon Valley Bank. Prime Trust does not custody funds themselves but rather maintains deposit accounts at BMO Harris Bank, Cross River, Lexicon Bank, MVB Bank, and Signature Bank. Silvergate and Silicon Valley Bank have already stopped withdrawals. **More banks will go down before the chaos stops. None of them have sufficient reserves to meet withdrawals.**

Bitcoin gives us all the ability to opt out of a system that has massive layers of counterparty risk built in, years of cheap money and broken incentives have layered risk on top of risk throughout the entire global economy. If you thought the FTX bank run was painful to watch, I have bad news for you: every major bank in the world is fractional reserve. **Bitcoin held in self custody is unique in its lack of counterparty risk, as global market chaos unwinds this will become much more obvious.**

The rules of bitcoin are extremely hard to change by design. Anyone can access the network directly without a trusted third party by using their own node. Owning more bitcoin does not give you more control over the network with all participants on equal footing.

> _Bitcoin is:
> \- money that is not controlled by a company or government
> \- money that can be spent or saved without permission
> \- money that is provably scarce and should increase in purchasing power with adoption_

**Bitcoin is money without trust.** Whether you are a nation state, corporation, or an individual, you can use bitcoin to spend or save without permission. Social media will accelerate the already deteriorating trust in our institutions and as this trust continues to crumble the value of trust minimized money will become obvious. **As adoption increases so should the purchasing power of bitcoin.**

> _A quick note on "stablecoins," such as USDC - it is important to remember that they rely on trusted custodians. They have the same risk as funds held directly in bank accounts with additional counterparty risk on top. The trusted custodians can be pressured by gov, exit scam, or caught up in fraud. Funds can and will be frozen at will. **This is a distinctly different trust model than bitcoin, which is a native bearer token that does not rely on any centralized entity or custodian.**_

Most bitcoin exchanges have exposure to these failing banks. Expect more chaos and confusion as this all unwinds. Withdraw any bitcoin to your own wallet ASAP.

Simple Self Custody Guide: [https://werunbtc.com/muun](https://t.co/J61rFmeovE?ref=discreetlog.com)
More Secure Cold Storage Guide: [https://werunbtc.com/coldcard](https://t.co/LMTDzJ86Ec?ref=discreetlog.com)

* * *

_**If you found this post helpful support my work with [bitcoin](https://geyser.fund/project/citadel?ref=discreetlog.com).**_

![Money Without Trust](https://werunbtc.com/donate.png)


tags: Good Morning, Bitcoin is your latest news roundup delivering key stories, project updates, new releases, guides, research, and all things related to Bitcoin and freedom tech.

content:
[![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Saturday, April 26th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-50.png)](https://mempool.space/)

Headlines
---------

*   **Spiral renews support for Dan Gould and Joschisan.** The organization has renewed support for _Dan Gould_, who is developing the [Payjoin Dev Kit (PDK)](https://payjoindevkit.org/2025/03/18/the-evolution-of-payjoin), and [_Joschisan_](https://xcancel.com/spiralbtc/status/1914363508126515567), a [Fedimint](https://github.com/fedimint/fedimint) developer focused on simplifying federations.
*   **Metaplanet buys another 145 BTC.** The Tokyo-listed company [has purchased](https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/04/24/metaplanet-hits-5-000-btc-mark-amid-strategic-treasury-expansion) an additional 145 BTC for $13.6 million. Their total bitcoin holdings now stand at 5,000 coins, worth around $428.1 million.
*   **Semler Scientific has increased its bitcoin holdings to 3,303 BTC.** The company acquired an additional 111 BTC at an average price of $90,124. The purchase was funded through proceeds from an at-the-market offering and cash reserves, as stated in a [press release](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/semler-scientific-announces-updated-btc--atm-activity-purchased-additional-111-btc-now-holds-3-303-btc-ytd-btc-yield-of-23-5-302438131.html).
*   **The Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASP) Bill 2025 introduced in Kenya.** The [new legislation](https://bitcoinke.io/2025/04/the-vasp-kenya-license-requirements/) aims to establish a comprehensive legal framework for licensing, regulating, and supervising virtual asset service providers (VASPs), with strict penalties for non-compliant entities.
*   **Russian government to launch a cryptocurrency exchange.** The country's Ministry of Finance and Central Bank [announced](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/russias-finance-ministry-and-central-bank-to-launch-crypto-exchange-for-super-qualified-investors) plans to establish a trading platform for "highly qualified investors" that "will legalize crypto assets and bring crypto operations out of the shadows."
*   **All virtual asset service providers expect to be fully compliant with the Travel Rule by the end of 2025.** A survey by financial surveillance specialist [Notabene](https://www.coindesk.com/business/2025/04/23/travel-rule-compliance-surges-on-new-regs-stablecoin-payments-notabene-says) reveals that 90% of virtual asset service providers (VASPs) expect full Travel Rule compliance by mid-2025, with all aiming for compliance by year-end. The survey also shows a significant rise in VASPs blocking withdrawals until beneficiary information is confirmed, increasing from 2.9% in 2024 to 15.4% now. Additionally, about 20% of VASPs return deposits if originator data is missing.
*   **UN claims Bitcoin mining is a "powerful tool" for money laundering.** _The Rage_'s [analysis](https://www.therage.co/un-mining-money-laundering/) suggests that the recent United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime report on crime in South-East Asia makes little sense and hints at the potential introduction of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) measures at the mining level.
*   **Riot Platforms has obtained a $100 million credit facility from Coinbase Credit**, using bitcoin as collateral for short-term funding to support its expansion. The firm's CEO, _Jason Les,_ [stated](https://www.riotplatforms.com/riot-platforms-announces-100-million-credit-facility-with-coinbase/) that this facility is crucial for diversifying financing sources and driving long-term stockholder value through strategic growth initiatives.
*   **Bitdeer raises $179M in loans and equity amid Bitcoin chip push.** _The Miner Mag_ [reports](https://www.theminermag.com/news/2025-04-22/bitdeer-bitcoin-loan-sealminer) that Bitdeer entered into a loan agreement with its affiliate Matrixport for up to $200 million in April, as disclosed in its [annual report](https://ir.bitdeer.com/static-files/fd6af83f-6142-48aa-b15d-5bc3bc83de96) filed on Monday.
*   **Federal Reserve retracts guidance discouraging banks from engaging in 'crypto.'** The U.S. Federal Reserve [withdrew](https://www.theblock.co/post/351943/federal-reserve-retracts-guidance-discouraging-banks-from-engaging-in-crypto) guidance that discouraged banks from crypto and stablecoin activities, as [announced](https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20250424a.htm) by its Board of Governors on Thursday. This includes rescinding a 2022 supervisory letter requiring prior notification of crypto activities and 2023 stablecoin requirements.

> "As a result, the Board will no longer expect banks to provide notification and will instead monitor banks' crypto-asset activities through the normal supervisory process," reads the FED statement.

*   **UAE-based Islamic bank ruya launches Shari’ah-compliant bitcoin investing.** The bank has become the world’s first Islamic bank to provide direct access to virtual asset investments, including Bitcoin, via its mobile app, [per](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/ruya-becomes-first-islamic-bank-to-offer-bitcoin-and-virtual-asset-investments) _Bitcoin Magazine._
*   **U.S. 'crypto' scam losses amounted to $9.3B in 2024.** The US The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) [has reported](https://www.ic3.gov/AnnualReport/Reports/2024_IC3Report.pdf) $9.3 billion losses in cryptocurrency-related scams in 2024, noting a troubling trend of scams targeting older Americans, which accounted for over $2.8 billion of those losses.

![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Saturday, April 26th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-49.png)

Source: [FBI.](https://www.ic3.gov/AnnualReport/Reports/2024_IC3Report.pdf)

*   **North Korean hackers establish fake companies to target 'crypto' developers.** Silent Push researchers [reported](https://www.silentpush.com/blog/contagious-interview-front-companies/) that hackers linked to the Lazarus Group created three shell companies, two of which are based in the U.S., with the objective of spreading malware through deceptive job interview scams aimed at individuals seeking jobs in cryptocurrency companies.
*   **Citrea deployed its Clementine Bridge on the Bitcoin testnet.** The bridge [utilizes](https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2025/04/23/bitcoin-rollup-citrea-deploys-bridge-to-tackle-collateral-bottleneck-of-using-btc-in-defi) the BitVM2 programming language to inherit validity from Bitcoin, allegedly providing "the safest and most trust-minimized way to use BTC in decentralized finance."
*   **Hesperides University offers a Master’s degree in Bitcoin.** _Bitcoin Magazine_ [reports](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/university-of-the-hesperides-launches-first-spanish-language-masters-program-focused-exclusively-on-bitcoin) the launch of the first-ever Spanish-language Master’s program dedicated exclusively to Bitcoin. Starting April 28, 2025, this fully online program will equip professionals with technical, economic, legal, and philosophical skills to excel in the Bitcoin era.
*   **BTC in D.C. event** is set to take place on September 30 - October 1 in Washington, D.C. Learn more about this initiative [here](https://btcindc.com/).

[![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Saturday, April 26th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-44.png)](https://xcancel.com/PavelTheCoder/status/1915592501546619163)

Use the tools
-------------

*   [**Bitcoin Keeper**](https://medium.com/bitbees/bitcoin-keeper-rebrand-new-logo-same-commitment-6009a88f7b49) just got a new look. [Version 2.2.0](https://github.com/bithyve/bitcoin-keeper/releases) of the mobile multisig app brought a new branding design, along with a [Keeper Private](https://medium.com/bitbees/introducing-keeper-private-where-wealth-meets-sovereignty-278e93332b32) tier, testnet support, ability to import and export [BIP-329](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0329.mediawiki) labels, and the option to use a Server Key with multiple users.
    *   Earlier this month the project also announced [Keeper Learn](https://medium.com/bitbees/introducing-keeper-learn-your-simple-expert-guided-path-to-understanding-bitcoin-be53470be069) service, offering clear and guided Bitcoin learning sessions for both groups and individuals.
*   [**Keeper Desktop v0.2.2**](https://github.com/bithyve/keeper-desktop/releases/tag/keeper-desktop-v0.2.2), a companion desktop app for Bitcoin Keeper mobile app, received a renewed branding update, too.

![Good Morning, Bitcoin - Saturday, April 26th, 2025](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/content/images/2025/04/image-45.png)

The evolution of Bitcoin Keeper logo. Source: [BitHyve blog](https://medium.com/bitbees/bitcoin-keeper-rebrand-new-logo-same-commitment-6009a88f7b49).

*   [**Blockstream Green Desktop v2.0.25**](https://github.com/Blockstream/green_qt/releases) updates GDK to v0.75.1 and fixes amount parsing issues when switching from fiat denomination to Liquid asset.
*   [**Lightning Loop v0.31.0-beta**](https://github.com/lightninglabs/loop/releases/tag/v0.31.0-beta) enhances the `loop listswaps` command by improving the ability to filter the response.
*   [**Lightning-kmp v1.10.0**](https://github.com/ACINQ/lightning-kmp/releases), an implementation of the Lightning Network in Kotlin, is now available.
*   [**LND v0.19.0-beta.rc3**](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/releases/tag/v0.19.0-beta.rc3), the latest beta release candidate of LND is now ready for testing.
*   [**ZEUS v0.11.0-alpha2**](https://github.com/ZeusLN/zeus/releases/tag/v0.11.0-alpha2) is now available for testing, too. It's nuts.
*   [**JoinMarket Fidelity Bond Simulator**](https://m0wer.github.io/joinmarket-fidelity-bond-simulator/) helps potential JoinMarket makers evaluate their competitive position in the market based on fidelity bonds.
*   [**UTXOscope**](https://github.com/Drew72-ita/UTXOscope) is a text-only Bitcoin blockchain analysis tool that visualizes price dynamics using only on-chain data. The


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Alive and kicking


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maya🍚

about:
ゲームが好きです。絵も描きます。
スプラトゥーン3でイグザミナーの者をやっています。都市伝説解体センターにも絶賛ハマり中。

🌉 bridged from 🦋 ma8.zip, follow @bsky.brid.gy to interact


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koi

about:
admin of baraag.net 🔞
#R18 #R34 #NSFW #ロリ #ショタ
an instance for uncensored art


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New OP_RETURN
{p:brc-20,op:mint,tick:KEK,amt:10000}
https://mempool.space/tx/02e62ed807ceb8b9cbf0e5c1d69dd74fe0eb8fc40ec7480588c7bf769dd8a93d


When humanity cried for salvation, #Bitcoin was sent.  http://res.cloudinary.com/df3bvpu0s/image/upload/v1753059447/zdksbmedlj66ovqihvxl.jpg


text: おはの

text: 信号機の

text: マスターの

text: てた。

text: は全部

text: すー！

text: ひとり

text: ノスターちゃん

text: ふたり

text: ちゃん、

text: HP

text: にしか

text: ポスト

text: でコード

text: 部屋

text: た。 #マジカルミライ2024

text: 初音ミクの

text: 【初音ミク

text: のイラスト

text: しちゃう


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Alive and kicking


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In a world of control, #Bitcoin is liberation.  http://res.cloudinary.com/df3bvpu0s/image/upload/v1753502659/qn6halpy81kfpcqdiluh.jpg


#Bitcoin forged in fire, destined to rise.  http://res.cloudinary.com/df3bvpu0s/image/upload/v1754873893/wnnmt0tp2ixeknqntasf.jpg


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Zapatitude


Yeah it makes me really pause and sit in silence. Thinking about it all and how quickly it is progressing. Did you read SoftWar by Jason Lowery?


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Inbound aircraft to Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International #Airport (#SJC) are currently being held at their origin #airport due to wind. Operations are expected to resume at 7:15 PM. #AirportStatusBot


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てすたろう、元気？


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So true! They'll take care of him (they confirmed he was a male lol) and then release him to the wild. Good day ngl


tags: Bitcoin Magazine Bitcoin Price Rebounds Above $114,000 As Strategy Buys 220 More Bitcoin Bitcoin price has recovered above $114,000 following Strategy’s latest Bitcoin purchase announcement, as corporate treasury adoption of Bitcoin continues to accelerate. The world’s largest corporate bitcoin holder revealed it acquired an additional 220 BTC for approximately $27.2 million, at an average price of $123,561 per bitcoin. Strategy now holds 640,250 BTC worth, representing about 3.1% of Bitcoin’s total supply. The latest purchase was funded through proceeds from the company’s various at-the-market (ATM) offering programs, which raised $27.3 million during the period of October 6-12, 2025. Strategy’s continued Bitcoin accumulation comes amid a broader trend of companies adding Bitcoin to their corporate treasuries. DDC Enterprise Limited recently completed a $124 million equity financing round to advance its bitcoin treasury strategy. BREAKING: STRATEGY BUYS ANOTHER 220 #BITCOIN FOR $27.2 MILLION pic.twitter.com/0uG4LWAZhE — Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) October 13, 2025 We’re seeing an unprecedented wave of corporate treasury adoption. Unlike previous cycles, firms are now directly adding Bitcoin into their corporate treasuries, treating it as a major store of value and hedge against inflation. The acceleration in corporate Bitcoin adoption comes as U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs continue to see strong inflows. BlackRock’s IBIT ETF recently surpassed 800,000 BTC in assets under management, valued at approximately $97 billion. Strategy utilised multiple financing vehicles to fund its latest Bitcoin purchase, demonstrating the company’s sophisticated approach to building its Bitcoin position. The company raised $19.8 million through its STRF ATM program, $1.7 million via STRK ATM shares, and $5.8 million from STRD ATM offerings. The company has established several significant ATM programs, including a $2.1 billion STRF program, $4.2 billion STRC program, $21 billion STRK program, $4.2 billion STRD program, and $21 billion MSTR common stock program, showcasing its commitment to continued Bitcoin acquisition. Bitcoin’s price has shown resilience above $114,000, supported by growing institutional demand through both corporate treasury additions and ETF inflows. The combination of corporate treasury adoption and ETF inflows is creating persistent structural demand. This cycle is distinctly different from previous ones, with institutions treating Bitcoin as a strategic reserve asset. The trend of companies adding Bitcoin to their balance sheets shows no signs of slowing, with more firms expected to announce treasury allocations in the coming months. This growing corporate adoption, combined with strong ETF demand and the upcoming Bitcoin halving, continues to support positive market sentiment. Strategy’s latest purchase reinforces its position as the largest corporate Bitcoin holder and demonstrates the company’s long-term commitment to Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset. As more companies follow suit, the corporate treasury trend appears to be evolving from an experimental approach to an established treasury management strategy, fundamentally changing how institutions view and interact with Bitcoin. This post Bitcoin Price Rebounds Above $114,000 As Strategy Buys 220 More Bitcoin first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Vivek Sen.

content:
[Bitcoin Magazine](https://bitcoinmagazine.com)
![](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/michael-saylor-the-power-of-21-b.jpg)
[Bitcoin Price Rebounds Above $114,000 As Strategy Buys 220 More Bitcoin](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/bitcoin-price-rebounds-above-114000-as-strategy-buys-220-more-bitcoin)

[Bitcoin price](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/tags/bitcoin-price) has recovered above $114,000 following [Strategy’s](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/tags/strategy) latest Bitcoin purchase [announcement](https://www.strategy.com/press/strategy-acquires-220-btc-and-now-holds-640250-btc_10-13-2025), as corporate treasury adoption of Bitcoin continues to accelerate. The world’s largest corporate bitcoin holder revealed it acquired an additional 220 BTC for approximately $27.2 million, at an average price of $123,561 per bitcoin.

[Strategy](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/tags/strategy) now holds 640,250 BTC worth, representing about 3.1% of Bitcoin’s total supply. The latest purchase was funded through proceeds from the company’s various at-the-market (ATM) offering programs, which raised $27.3 million during the period of October 6-12, 2025.

[Strategy’s](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/tags/strategy) continued Bitcoin accumulation comes amid a broader trend of companies adding Bitcoin to their corporate treasuries. DDC Enterprise Limited recently completed a $124 million equity financing round to advance its bitcoin treasury strategy.

> BREAKING: ![🇺🇸](https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/16.0.1/72x72/1f1fa-1f1f8.png) STRATEGY BUYS ANOTHER 220 [#BITCOIN](https://twitter.com/hashtag/BITCOIN?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw) FOR $27.2 MILLION [pic.twitter.com/0uG4LWAZhE](https://t.co/0uG4LWAZhE)
>
> — Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) [October 13, 2025](https://twitter.com/BitcoinMagazine/status/1977706460021670284?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)

We’re seeing an unprecedented wave of corporate treasury adoption. Unlike previous cycles, firms are now directly adding Bitcoin into their corporate treasuries, treating it as a major store of value and hedge against inflation.

The acceleration in corporate Bitcoin adoption comes as U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs continue to see strong inflows. BlackRock’s IBIT ETF recently surpassed 800,000 BTC in assets under management, valued at approximately $97 billion.

[Strategy](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/tags/strategy) utilised multiple financing vehicles to fund its [latest Bitcoin purchase](https://www.strategy.com/press/strategy-acquires-220-btc-and-now-holds-640250-btc_10-13-2025), demonstrating the company’s sophisticated approach to building its Bitcoin position. The company raised $19.8 million through its STRF ATM program, $1.7 million via STRK ATM shares, and $5.8 million from STRD ATM offerings.

The company has established several significant ATM programs, including a $2.1 billion STRF program, $4.2 billion STRC program, $21 billion STRK program, $4.2 billion STRD program, and $21 billion MSTR common stock program, showcasing its commitment to continued Bitcoin acquisition.

[Bitcoin’s price](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/tags/bitcoin-price) has shown resilience above $114,000, supported by growing institutional demand through both corporate treasury additions and ETF inflows.

The combination of corporate treasury adoption and ETF inflows is creating persistent structural demand. This cycle is distinctly different from previous ones, with institutions treating Bitcoin as a strategic reserve asset.

The trend of companies adding Bitcoin to their balance sheets shows no signs of slowing, with more firms expected to announce treasury allocations in the coming months. This growing corporate adoption, combined with strong ETF demand and the upcoming Bitcoin halving, continues to support positive market sentiment.

[Strategy’s](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/tags/strategy) latest purchase reinforces its position as the largest corporate Bitcoin holder and demonstrates the company’s long-term commitment to Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset. As more companies follow suit, the corporate treasury trend appears to be evolving from an experimental approach to an established treasury management strategy, fundamentally changing how institutions view and interact with Bitcoin.

This post [Bitcoin Price Rebounds Above $114,000 As Strategy Buys 220 More Bitcoin](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/bitcoin-price-rebounds-above-114000-as-strategy-buys-220-more-bitcoin) first appeared on [Bitcoin Magazine](https://bitcoinmagazine.com) and is written by [Vivek Sen](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/authors/vivek-sen-bitcoin).


tags: Bitcoin Magazine The ‘Strategy of Latin America’ OranjeBTC Expands Holdings With $1.94M Bitcoin Purchase OranjeBTC has acquired an additional 16 BTC for roughly $1.94 million at an average price of $121,058 per Bitcoin, bringing its year-to-date Bitcoin yield to 1.5% in 2025. As of October 13, the OranjeBTC now holds 3,691 BTC, accumulated for approximately $389.07 million — an average cost basis of $105,412 per coin. Brazil’s First Pure-Bitcoin Public Company OranjeBTC began trading last week on B3, the São Paulo–based exchange that anchors Latin America’s capital markets. Backed by some of the biggest names in global crypto, OranjeBTC entered public markets holding 3,675 BTC — now 3,691 — instantly becoming the region’s largest corporate Bitcoin holder. The “Strategy of Latin America” The company’s model closely mirrors Strategy’s playbook in the United States: issue convertible debt, raise capital, and buy Bitcoin. Just today, Strategy announced the purchase of 220 BTC for $27.2 million at an average price of $123,561 per coin. Strategy now holds 640,250 BTC — about 3.1% of Bitcoin’s total supply — funded through $27.3 million raised via its recent at-the-market offering. Earlier this year, OranjeBTC secured a $210 million investment from Brazil’s largest bank, Itaú, through its investment arm Itaú BBA, positioning its BTC reserves as a long-term strategic asset. That financing round also drew heavyweight backers including Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss, Mexican billionaire Ricardo Salinas, FalconX, and Adam Back of Blockstream, alongside U.S. funds Off the Chain Capital and ParaFi Capital. Saylor’s early mentor, Eric Weiss, a former Morgan Stanley banker and founder of Blockchain Investment Group, sits on Oranje’s board. OranjeBTC’s local Bitcoin education The company is launching an educational platform aimed at teaching shareholders and institutional investors about Bitcoin’s monetary properties — what it calls a “learning layer” for Brazil’s next generation of savers. “We want to be an information center and help Brazilians and Latin Americans understand what money is, the role of a tangible asset, and how Bitcoin works,” Founder Guilherme Gomes told WIRED en Español in September. The listing was executed as a reverse IPO, with OranjeBTC merging into Intergraus, an already-listed entity on B3. Following the transaction, roughly 85% of shares will be in free float — opening the door for both institutional and retail investors to gain direct exposure to a company whose only real product is Bitcoin accumulation. B3 launched Bitcoin futures in 2022 and explored crypto custody services soon after. This post The ‘Strategy of Latin America’ OranjeBTC Expands Holdings With $1.94M Bitcoin Purchase first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Micah Zimmerman.

content:
[Bitcoin Magazine](https://bitcoinmagazine.com)
![](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/The-Strategy-of-Latin-America-OranjeBTC-Expands-Holdings-With-1.94M-Bitcoin-Purchase.jpg)
[The ‘Strategy of Latin America’ OranjeBTC Expands Holdings With $1.94M Bitcoin Purchase](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/the-strategy-of-latin-america-oranjebtc-expands-holdings-with-1-94m-bitcoin-purchase)

OranjeBTC has acquired an additional 16 BTC for roughly $1.94 million at an average price of $121,058 per Bitcoin, bringing its year-to-date Bitcoin yield to 1.5% in 2025.

As of October 13, the [OranjeBTC now holds](https://x.com/oranjebtc/status/1977718068622045615?s=46&t=qcJDE0RaWiQjEKjMZF2JjA) 3,691 BTC, accumulated for approximately $389.07 million — an average cost basis of $105,412 per coin.

Brazil’s First Pure-Bitcoin Public Company
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OranjeBTC [began trading](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/oranjebtc-goes-public-on-brazils-b3-driving-latin-americas-bitcoin-push) last week on B3, the São Paulo–based exchange that anchors Latin America’s capital markets.

Backed by some of the biggest names in global crypto, OranjeBTC entered public markets holding 3,675 BTC — now 3,691 — instantly becoming the region’s largest corporate Bitcoin holder.

The “Strategy of Latin America”
-------------------------------

The company’s model closely mirrors Strategy’s playbook in the United States: issue convertible debt, raise capital, and buy Bitcoin.

Just today, Strategy [announced](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/bitcoin-price-rebounds-above-114000-as-strategy-buys-220-more-bitcoin) the purchase of 220 BTC for $27.2 million at an average price of $123,561 per coin.

Strategy now holds 640,250 BTC — about 3.1% of Bitcoin’s total supply — funded through $27.3 million raised via its recent at-the-market offering.

Earlier this year, OranjeBTC [secured](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/oranjebtc-to-debut-on-brazils-b3-bringing-410-million-in-bitcoin-to-public-markets) a $210 million investment from Brazil’s largest bank, Itaú, through its investment arm Itaú BBA, positioning its BTC reserves as a long-term strategic asset.

That financing round also drew heavyweight backers including Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss, Mexican billionaire Ricardo Salinas, FalconX, and Adam Back of Blockstream, alongside U.S. funds Off the Chain Capital and ParaFi Capital.

Saylor’s early mentor, Eric Weiss, a former Morgan Stanley banker and founder of Blockchain Investment Group, sits on Oranje’s board.

OranjeBTC’s local Bitcoin education
-----------------------------------

The company is launching an educational platform aimed at teaching shareholders and institutional investors about Bitcoin’s monetary properties — what it calls a “learning layer” for Brazil’s next generation of savers.

“We want to be an information center and help Brazilians and Latin Americans understand what money is, the role of a tangible asset, and how Bitcoin works,” Founder Guilherme Gomes [told](https://es.wired.com/articulos/oranjebtc-la-compania-brasilena-que-se-convirtio-en-la-empresa-de-america-latina-con-mayor-reserva-de-bitcoin) _WIRED en Español_ in September.

The listing was executed as a reverse IPO, with OranjeBTC merging into Intergraus, an already-listed entity on B3.

Following the transaction, roughly 85% of shares will be in free float — opening the door for both institutional and retail investors to gain direct exposure to a company whose only real product is Bitcoin accumulation.

B3 launched Bitcoin futures in 2022 and explored crypto custody services soon after.

This post [The ‘Strategy of Latin America’ OranjeBTC Expands Holdings With $1.94M Bitcoin Purchase](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/the-strategy-of-latin-america-oranjebtc-expands-holdings-with-1-94m-bitcoin-purchase) first appeared on [Bitcoin Magazine](https://bitcoinmagazine.com) and is written by [Micah Zimmerman](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/authors/micahzimmerman).